Juma dialect
| Juma | |
|---|---|
| Kawahíva | |
| Native to | Brazil |
| Region | Amazonas |
| Ethnicity | 12 Juma (2024) |
Native speakers | 3 (2024)[1][2] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | jua |
| Glottolog | juma1249 |
| ELP | Júma |
Júma (Arara-Kawahib)[3] is one of the eight ethnic varieties of the Kagwahiva language, which belongs to Subgroup VI of the Tupi-Guarani languages.[4] The most elderly native speaker, called Aruka Juma, died in 2021.[5][6]
Documentation
[edit]The language has been documented since 2019 through the recording of vocabulary lists, traditional narratives, everyday stories, etc. Some of the texts can accessed through the website of the Survey of California and Other Indian Languages.[7]
Phonology
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | |
| voiced | ɡ | |||||
| Fricative | h | |||||
| Approximant | j | w | ||||
| Rhotic | ɾ | |||||
Vowels
[edit]| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i ĩ | ɨ ɨ̃ | u ũ |
| Mid | ɛ ɛ̃ | ɔ ɔ̃ | |
| Low | a ã |
There are no supersegmentals, including stress.
References
[edit]- ^ "Kawahiva: documentation of vocabulary, grammar, texts, and verbal arts / Kawahiva: documentação do vocabulário, gramática, textos, e artes verbais | Endangered Languages Archive". www.elararchive.org. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
- ^ Nascimento dos Santos, Wesley (2024). Topics on the syntax of Kawahíva: A Tupí-Guaraní language from the Brazilian Amazon (Thesis). UC Berkeley.
- ^ "Glottolog 5.2 - Júma". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2025-09-08.
- ^ "Juma." Ethnologue. 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
- ^ Michael Astor (10 March 2021). "Aruká Juma, Last Man of His Tribe, Is Dead". New York Times.
- ^ Astor, Michael (14 March 2021). "The last living man of the Juma people in Brazil has died from Covid-19". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
- ^ Juma, Aruka; Juma, Borea; Juma, Mandei; Karipuna, Adriano; Karipuna, André; Karipuna, Aripã; Karipuna, Batiti; Karipuna, Carlos; Karipuna, Katika; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boakara; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boreá; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Boropó; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandeí; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandá; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Pajajup; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Tangãi; Dos Santos, Wesley; Karipuna, Manoel; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Awip; Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Puré (2019). Kawahíva Language Documentation Archive. Survey of California and Other Indian Languages (Report). doi:10.7297/X2P26W9H.
- ^ "Júma". linguistics.berkeley.edu. Retrieved 2025-02-12.
- ^ Abrahamson, Arne & Joyce (1984). Os fonemas da língua júma (PDF). In Robert A. Dooley (ed.), Estudos sobre línguas tupí do Brasil: Brasília: Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 157–174.
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