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Z世代抗議活動

维基百科，自由的百科全书
Z世代抗議活動
漫畫系列《海賊王》中的草帽海賊團海盜旗是Z世代抗議活動中常見的標誌
日期2020年代初期至中期– (持續進行)
地點
 全世界
起因
方法

Z世代抗議活動（英語：Gen Z protests）是指2020年代在中東歐、南亞和東南亞、非洲和拉丁美洲等地發生的多起據稱主要由Z世代領導的抗議活動。儘管各國抗議活動的原因各不相同，但專家和媒體指出了一些共同點，包括腐敗、不平等和生活水準下降。在各個國家，透過社群媒體進行的協調和行動都很普遍，一些抗議活動甚至導致了國家政府的倒台。

原因

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各種示威活動的原因多種多樣，各國也不盡相同，但一般都與對執政政府的不滿、經濟動盪、生活水平下降以及大量心懷不滿、往往失業的青年人口有關。[1] 抗議活動通常源自於民眾對政府醜聞、取得基本公用事業和資源的難度加大以及生活水準下降的不滿。[1][2][3]

在接受CBC新聞採訪時，教授米歇爾·陳（Michelle Chen）指出，「對治理不善、缺乏機會和不平等現象猖獗的不滿」是世界各地抗議活動的共同點。[4] 同樣，政治學和傳播學教授巴特·卡馬茨 (Bart Cammaerts) 在接受美國有線電視新聞網 採訪時聲稱，Z世代感到“被欺騙了”，“他們的利益沒有得到代表或考慮”，導致Z世代對代議制民主產生懷疑，儘管他們仍然重視民主原則和決策。[5]

歷史

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成長

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参见：Z世代的政治觀點（英语：Political views of Generation Z）

2020年，喬治·弗洛伊德被謀殺引發了抗議活動，Axios將其描述為Z世代的「政治成長」。 [6] 同年6月，Yubo對近4萬名Z世代用戶進行了民意調查，其中90%的人表示支持「黑人的命也是命」運動，這是一場反對系統性種族主義和警察暴力侵害美國黑人的社會運動。 [7]Z世代的喬治·弗洛伊德抗議者被描述為種族多元化，[8]但主要由黑人青年領導。 [9]

全球「Z世代抗議」的興起

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亞洲Z世代的抗議活動，也被稱為“亞洲之春”。这一称呼类似于2010年代发生于阿拉伯世界的“阿拉伯之春”。《世界报》認為其始於2022年斯里蘭卡的阿拉加拉亞抗議活動。 [10]這個術語後來被用來描述2024年肯亞財政法案抗議活動，這是一場主要由年輕人領導的反對有爭議的增稅的大規模抗議運動。 [11] 在2025年尼泊爾政府被推翻以及其前後發生的一系列抗議活動之後，該術語在全球範圍內獲得了更廣泛的普及。 [12][與來源不符]根據《时代周刊》2025年10月的報道，Z世代的抗議活動已經蔓延到亞洲、非洲和南美洲。 [13]媒體學者莎娜·麥克唐納認為，2025年將被視為「抗議之年」。 [4]

方法

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社群媒體

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社群媒體通常被用來作為幫助組織和協調這些抗議活動的平台。[13][14][15] 摩洛哥和尼泊爾的抗議者經常透過訊息平台Discord來交流。[16][17] 其他數位平台，如Instagram、TikTok和Telegram也已使用這些工具，實現「去中心化、即時協調、快速資訊共享和病毒式符號，將全球不同群體統一起來」。[5]

例如，在摩洛哥，GenZ 212 Discord伺服器的成員數量到10月2日從3,000人激增至150,000多人，顯示出該運動在年輕人中的迅速傳播。[18] 線上協調，特別是使用Discord，也用於尼泊爾案例中的後續政治進程：過渡時期臨時總理的線上選舉（英语：2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests#Digital coordination）。[19][20] 關於科技和社交媒體的使用，卡內基國際和平基金會高級研究員史蒂文·費爾德斯坦（英语：Steven Feldstein）表示：“這是Z世代成長過程中的產物，也是他們交流的方式……這一代人如何組織自己就是這種成長方式的自然體現。”[21]

象徵

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抗議者在馬尼拉阿亞拉大橋前揮舞著草帽海賊團的海盜旗

在Z世代的各種抗議活動中，漫畫《海賊王》中的草帽海賊團海盜旗被用作「青年領導的抗議運動的口號和象徵」。[22] 也是「自由的象徵和反對不公義的聲音」。這面旗幟首次在印尼的抗議活動中使用。[23][24] 菲律賓[25]、秘魯[24]、馬達加斯加[26] 、尼泊爾也曾使用過這個旗幟，[27] 據擁有日本現代史博士學位的安德里亞·霍賓斯基（Andrea Horbinski）稱，抗議者揮舞草帽旗「是為了聲援其他國家最近也揮舞草帽旗的抗議者」。她也認為，草帽旗之所以如此強大，是因為它是一種「共同的敘事」。[28]

在其他東南亞國家，其他流行文化符號也被用來表示反抗，其中包括對哈利·波特的引用以及《飢餓遊戲》中的三指禮。 [25] 有組織仇恨研究中心主任拉齊布·奈克（英语：Raqib Hameed Naik）表示：「我認為我們正在進入一個組織的新時代，這個時代大量借鑒數字、流行和遊戲文化，創造了一個共同的詞彙。」[29] 使用草帽旗的反應很激烈，一位印尼議員稱這是試圖分裂國家團結，另一位議員則認為這可能構成叛國罪。 [25] 這促使國際特赦組織發表聲明，捍衛抗議者的言論自由。 [28] 尼泊爾K. P. 夏爾馬·奧利政府被推翻時，抗議者在辛哈杜巴宮（英语：Singha Durbar）門口懸掛了這面旗幟，當時宮殿正在焚燒。 [22]草帽旗主要在亞洲使用，在馬達加斯加也有少量使用。 [30]

被稱為「Z世代抗議」的示威活動

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  抗議進行中
  抗議成功：政府下台
  抗議成功：抗議要求得到滿足
  抗議失敗
已隱藏部分未翻譯内容，歡迎參與翻譯。

已結束

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Country Duration Cause(s) Results Outcome Ref.
2020
 泰國 2020–2021 Thai protests
February 2020 – December 2021 		Failed
  • "Severe" state of emergency declared in Bangkok from 15–22 October 2020
  • Protesters' demands, including calls for constitutional amendment, failed.
  • Constitutional Court rules that proposing reform of the monarchy is unconstitutional and amounts to acting to overthrow it
 E Major protests [31]
2022
 斯里蘭卡 Aragalaya
15 March – 14 November 2022 		Successful E Government overthrown [32]
 伊朗 Mahsa Amini protests
16 September 2022 – 2023 		Failed
  • Hundreds of people killed and tens of thousands beaten and/or detained in government crackdown
 E Major protests [33][34][35]
2024
 肯尼亚 Kenya Finance Bill protests
18 June – 8 August 2024 		Successful
  • Finance bill is unsigned and revoked
 E Major protests [12]
 孟加拉国 July Revolution
1 July – 5 August 2024 		Successful E Government overthrown [32]
 莫桑比克 2024–2025 Mozambican protests
11 October 2024 – 24 March 2025 		Failed
  • Daniel Chapo inaugurated 15 January
  • Chapo and Mondlane reach amnesty agreement for protesters 23 March
 E Major protests [36][37][38][39][36][37][38][39][36][37][38][39]E
2025
 尼泊尔 2025 Nepalese Gen Z protests
8–13 September 2025 		Successful E Government overthrown [13]
 东帝汶 2025 Timor-Leste protests
15–17 September 2025
  • Proposed US$4 million budget to buy 65 new cars for members of parliament
 Successful
  • Purchase of cars canceled
  • Pensions ended for former MPs
 C Protests and governmental changes [40]
 马达加斯加 2025 Malagasy protests
25 September – 14 October 2025
  • Standards of living
 Successful E Government overthrown [13]

Ongoing

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Country Duration Cause(s) Results Ref.
Since 2024
 塞爾維亞 2024–present Serbian anti-corruption protests
1 November 2024 – present 		Ongoing [41]
Since 2025
 印度尼西亞 2025 Indonesian protests
17 February 2025 – present 		Ongoing [13]
 多哥 2025 Togolese Gen Z protests
5 June 2025 – present
  • Arrest of the rapper Aamron
  • Unwanted constitutional reforms
  • Youth unemployment
  • Lack of democratic participation
  • Bad living conditions
  • High electricity costs
 Ongoing [42][43][44]
 菲律賓 2025 Philippine anti-corruption protests
4 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing [13][45][46]
 法國 Bloquons tout
10 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing [47][48][49]
 義大利 2025 Italian general strikes and protests for Gaza
19 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing [50][51][52]
 瑞士
 圣马力诺 [53]
 馬爾地夫 2025 Maldivian protests
20 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing [54][55]
 秘魯 2025 Peruvian protests
20 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing [56]
 摩洛哥 2025 Moroccan Gen Z protests
27 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing
  • Government raises healthcare and education spending to $15 billion in the 2026 budget, up 16% from the prior year
 [13][57]
 巴拉圭 2025 Paraguayan protests
28 September 2025 – present 		Ongoing [58]
 喀麦隆 2025 Cameroonian protests
12 October 2025 – present 		Ongoing [59][60]

參考文獻

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  51. ^ Maggioni, Roberto. Un movimento che in pochi hanno visto arrivare e con cui tutti si dovranno confrontare. Radio Popolare. 5 October 2025 [8 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于29 October 2025） （it-IT）.  已忽略未知参数|trans-quote= (帮助)
  52. ^ Moro, Elisabetta. Avere vent'anni e scendere in piazza: gli studenti occupano le università e i licei per Gaza. Cosmopolitan. 3 October 2025 [8 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于3 October 2025） （it-IT）.  已忽略未知参数|trans-quote= (帮助)
  53. ^ Quadrelli, Valentina. Manifestazione per la Palestina a San Marino: "Non si può più stare in silenzio" [Protest for Palestine in San Marino: "We can no longer remain silent"]. San Marino RTV. 22 September 2025 [21 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于27 September 2025）. 
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  57. ^ Morocco to boost health, education spending to $15 billion in 2026. Reuters. 19 October 2025 [19 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于29 October 2025）. 
  58. ^ Another Gen Z uprising?: Protests in Paraguay against the Peña government. People´s Dispatch. [3 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于7 October 2025）. 
  59. ^ Akua, Nalova; Adetayo, Ope. 'Too old to govern, and it's boring knowing only him as president': Cameroon's millennials and Gen Z face eighth term for their 92-year-old leader. Fortune. 12 October 2025 [29 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于4 November 2025）. 
  60. ^ McClean, Ruth; Jammeh, Saikou. Paul Biya, World's Oldest President, Extends Rule Over Cameroon. The New York Times. 27 October 2025 [29 October 2025]. （原始内容存档于4 November 2025）. 
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Z世代抗議活動&oldid=89853054”