Test100
କଟକ ଠାରେ
କଟକ୍ ଠାରେ

କୃଷ୍ଣଗର୍ତ୍ତ (Black holeblblbl; ବ୍ଲାକ୍ ହୋଲ୍) ମହାଶୂନ୍ୟ-କାଳରେ (spacetime) ଏପରି ଏକ ସ୍ଥାନ ଯାହାର ମାଧ୍ୟାକର୍ଷଣ ସବୁକିଛି ଏପରିକି ଆଲୋକକୁ ବି ଖସି ଯିବାକୁ ଦେଇନଥାଏ ।[1] ମହାକାଶରେ କୃଷ୍ଣଗର୍ତ୍ତ (ଈଂରାଜୀରେ Black Hole) ଅସୀମ (ଅତ୍ୟଧିକ) ବସ୍ତୁତ୍ୱ ବିଶିଷ୍ଟ ଏକ ବିନ୍ଦୁ । ସ୍ଥାନ-କାଳର ପଟ୍ଟ ଉପରେ ଅବସ୍ଥିତ ଏହି ବିନ୍ଦୁର ମହାକର୍ଷଣ ପ୍ରଭାବ ଏତେ ଅଧିକ ଯେ, ବ୍ରହ୍ମାଣ୍ଡରେ ସର୍ବାଧିକ ବେଗର ଅଧିକାରୀ ଆଲୋକ ମଧ୍ୟ ତା’ର ମହାକର୍ଷଣକୁ ପ୍ରତିହତ କରିବାରେ ଅସମର୍ଥ ହୋଇଥାଏ ।[2] ବସ୍ତୁଠାରୁ ଆସୁଥିବା ଆଲୋକ ଆମ ଆଖି ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଆସିଲେ ଆମେ ତା’କୁ ଦେଖିପାରୁ । ଆଲୋକ ଯାହାର ମହାକର୍ଷଣ ପ୍ରଭାବରୁ ବାହାରି ପାରୁନାହିଁ, ତା’କୁ ଆମେ ଦେଖି ପାରିବା ନାହିଁ । ତେଣୁ ଏହି ବସ୍ତୁକୁ ଆମେ ଏକ ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟ ଛିଦ୍ର ବୋଲି କହିପାରିବା । ସାଧାରଣ ଆପେକ୍ଷିକତା ତତ୍ତ୍ୱ ଅନୁସାରେ, ମହାକାଶରେ ଅତି ଘନ ବସ୍ତୁ ସ୍ଥାନ-କାଳର ସଂରଚନାକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଭାବେ ବିକୃତ କରି କୃଷ୍ଣଗର୍ତ୍ତ ଭାବେ ପରିଗଣିତ ହୁଏ ।[3][4] ଏହା ଅଦୃଶ୍ୟମାନ ବୋଲି କଳା ବା କୃଷ୍ଣ ଏବଂ ଏହାର ଗୋଲକାକୃତି ୨ ଆୟାମରେ ବୃତ୍ତ ବା ଛିଦ୍ର ପରି ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।
କୃଷ୍ଣଗର୍ତ୍ତ ଚତୁଃପାର୍ଶ୍ୱକୁ ପାରକରି ଏହାର ପ୍ରଭାବ କ୍ଷେତ୍ର ବାହାରକୁ ଯାଇହେବ ନାହିଁ । କୃଷ୍ଣଗର୍ତ୍ତର ପ୍ରଭାବ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରକୁ “ଘଟଣା କ୍ଷିତିଜ” (ଈଂରାଜୀରେ Event Horizon) ବୋଲି କୁହାଯାଏ । ଏହି ଘଟଣା କ୍ଷିତିଜ ବାହାରେ ଥିବା ଜଣେ ଦେଖଣାହାରୀ ଏହା ଭିତରେ କଣ ହେଉଛି ପ୍ରମାଣ
ଆଧାର
[edit]ସହାୟକ ଗ୍ରନ୍ଥ
[edit]- Popular reading
- Ferguson, Kitty (1991). Black Holes in Space-Time. Watts Franklin. ISBN 0-531-12524-6.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hawking, Stephen (1988). A Brief History of Time. Bantam Books, Inc. ISBN 0-553-38016-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hawking, Stephen; Penrose, Roger (1996). The Nature of Space and Time. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-03791-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Melia, Fulvio (2003). The Black Hole at the Center of Our Galaxy. Princeton U Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09505-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Melia, Fulvio (2003). The Edge of Infinity. Supermassive Black Holes in the Universe. Cambridge U Press. ISBN 978-0-521-81405-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Pickover, Clifford (1998). Black Holes: A Traveler's Guide. Wiley, John & Sons, Inc. ISBN 0-471-19704-1.
- Stern, B. (2008). "Blackhole".[permanent dead link], poem.
- Thorne, Kip S. (1994). Black Holes and Time Warps. Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc. ISBN 0-393-31276-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wheeler, J. Craig (2007). Cosmic Catastrophes (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-85714-7.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- University textbooks and monographs
- Carroll, Sean M. (2004). Spacetime and Geometry. Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help), the lecture notes on which the book was based are available for free from Sean Carroll's website Archived 2007-06-13 at the Wayback Machine. - Carter, B. (1973). "Black hole equilibrium states". In DeWitt, B. S.; DeWitt, C. (eds.). Black Holes.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan (1999). Mathematical Theory of Black Holes. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850370-9.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Frolov, V. P.; Novikov, I. D. (1998). "Black hole physics".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Frolov, Valeri P.; Zelnikov, Andrei (2011). Introduction to Black Hole Physics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-969229-3. Zbl 1234.83001.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - S. W. Hawking, G. F. R. Ellis.; Ellis, G. F. R. (1973). Large Scale Structure of space time. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-09906-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Melia, Fulvio (2007). The Galactic Supermassive Black Hole. Princeton U Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13129-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Taylor, Edwin F.; Wheeler, John Archibald (2000). Exploring Black Holes. Addison Wesley Longman. ISBN 0-201-38423-X.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Thorne, Kip S.; Misner, Charles; Wheeler, John (1973). Gravitation. W. H. Freeman and Company. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wald, Robert M. (1984). General Relativity. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-87033-5.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Wald, Robert M. (1992). Space, Time, and Gravity: The Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87029-4.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
- Review papers
- Gallo, Elena; Marolf, Donald (2009). "Resource Letter BH-2: Black Holes". American Journal of Physics. 77 (4): 294. arXiv:0806.2316. Bibcode:2009AmJPh..77..294G. doi:10.1119/1.3056569.
- Hughes, Scott A. (2005). "Trust but verify: The case for astrophysical black holes". arXiv:hep-ph/0511217.
{{cite arXiv}}:|class=ignored (help) Lecture notes from 2005 SLAC Summer Institute.
ବାହାର ଲିଙ୍କ
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- Template:In Our Time
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: "Singularities and Black Holes" by Erik Curiel and Peter Bokulich.
- "Black hole" on Scholarpedia.
- Black Holes: Gravity's Relentless Pull—Interactive multimedia Web site about the physics and astronomy of black holes from the Space Telescope Science Institute
- FAQ on black holes
- "Schwarzschild Geometry Archived 1998-01-18 at the Wayback Machine"
- Advanced Mathematics of Black Hole Evaporation Archived 2012-10-17 at the Wayback Machine
- Hubble site
- Videos
- 16-year long study tracks stars orbiting Milky Way black hole
- Movie of Black Hole Candidate from Max Planck Institute Archived 2006-09-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Wald 1984, pp. 299–300
- ^ Wald 1984, pp. 299–300
- ^ Wald, R. M. (1997). "Gravitational Collapse and Cosmic Censorship". arXiv:gr-qc/9710068.
{{cite arXiv}}:|class=ignored (help) - ^ Overbye, Dennis. "Black Hole Hunters", NASA, 8 June 2015. Retrieved on 8 June 2015.
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