Jump to content

Syphilis

From Wikipedia
syphilis
infectious disease, class of disease, sexually transmitted infection
Subclass ofprimary bacterial infectious disease, treponematosis, classic venereal disease, disease Edit
Facet givewomen's health Edit
Has causeTreponema pallidum Edit
Studied bysyphilidology, syphilology Edit
Health specialtyinfectious diseases, dermatology Edit
Drug or therapy used for treatmentbenzylpenicillin, azithromycin, clindamycin, ceftriaxone, doxycycline Edit
Disease transmission processsexually transmitted infection Edit

Syphilis be a sexually transmitted infection wey be caused by de bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum.[1] De signs den symptoms dey depend on de stage e dey present: primary, secondary, latent anaa tertiary.[1][2] De primary stage classically dey present plus a single chancre (a firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration usually between 1 cm den 2 cm in diameter), though der fi be chaw sores.[2] Insyd secondary syphilis, a diffuse rash dey occur, wich frequently dey involve de palms of de hands den soles of de feet.[2] Der sanso fi be sores insyd de mouth anaa vagina.[2] Latent syphilis get no symptoms wey fi last years.[2] Insyd tertiary syphilis, der be gummas (soft, non-cancerous growths), neurological problems, anaa heart symptoms.[3] Dem know syphilis as "the great imitator", secof e fi cause symptoms similar to chaw oda diseases.[2][3]

Syphilis be most commonly spread thru sexual activity.[2] E sanso fi be transmitted from mommie to baby during pregnancy anaa at birth, wey dey result insyd congenital syphilis.[2][4] Oda diseases wey be caused by Treponema bacteria dey include yaws (T. pallidum subspecies pertenue), pinta (T. carateum), den nonvenereal endemic syphilis (T. pallidum subspecies endemicum).[3] Dese three diseases no be typically sexually transmitted.[5] Dem usually dey make diagnosis by using blood tests; de bacteria sanso fi be detected using dark field microscopy.[2] De Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) dey recommend for all women dem preg to be tested.[2]

Dem fi reduce de risk of sexual transmission of syphilis by using a latex anaa polyurethane condom.[2] Dem effectively treat fi treat syphilis plus antibiotics.[6] De preferred antibiotic for most cases be benzathine benzylpenicillin dem inject into a muscle.[6] Insyd those wey get a severe penicillin allergy, dem fi use doxycycline anaa tetracycline.[6] Insyd those plus neurosyphilis, dem dey recommend intravenous benzylpenicillin anaa ceftriaxone.[6] During treatment, people fi develop fever, headache, den muscle pains, a reaction dem know as Jarisch–Herxheimer.[6]

Insyd 2015, about 45.4 million people get syphilis infections,[7] of wich na six million be new cases.[8] During 2015, na e cause about 107,000 deaths, down from 202,000 insyd 1990.[9][10] After decreasing dramatically plus de availability of penicillin insyd de 1940s, na rates of infection increase since de turn of de millennium insyd chaw countries, often in combination plus human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[3][11] Dem dey believe dis be partly secof unsafe drug use, increased prostitution, den decreased use of condoms.[12][13][14]

References

[edit | edit source]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ghanem, Khalil G.; Hook, Edward W. (2020). "303. Syphilis". In Goldman, Lee; Schafer, Andrew I. (eds.). Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Vol. 2 (26th ed.). Philadelphia: Elsevier. pp. 1983–1989. ISBN 978-0-323-55087-1.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 "Syphilis – CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed)". CDC. 2 November 2015. Archived from the original on 6 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kent ME, Romanelli F (February 2008). "Reexamining syphilis: an update on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and management". Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 42 (2): 226–36. doi:10.1345/aph.1K086. PMID 18212261. S2CID 23899851.
  4. ↑ Woods, CR (June 2009). "Congenital syphilis-persisting pestilence". The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 28 (6): 536–537. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3181ac8a69. PMID 19483520.
  5. ↑ "Pinta". NORD. Archived from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 "Syphilis". CDC. 4 June 2015. Archived from the original on 21 February 2016. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
  7. ↑ GBD 2015 Maternal Mortality Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  8. ↑ Newman, L; Rowley, J; Vander Hoorn, S; Wijesooriya, NS; Unemo, M; Low, N; Stevens, G; Gottlieb, S; Kiarie, J; Temmerman, M (2015). "Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting". PLOS ONE. 10 (12) e0143304. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1043304N. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0143304. PMC 4672879. PMID 26646541.
  9. ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  10. ↑ Lozano, R (15 December 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010". Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30050819. PMC 10790329. PMID 23245604. S2CID 1541253. Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
  11. ↑ Franzen, C (December 2008). "Syphilis in composers and musicians – Mozart, Beethoven, Paganini, Schubert, Schumann, Smetana". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 27 (12): 1151–57. doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0571-x. PMID 18592279. S2CID 947291.
  12. ↑ Coffin, L.S.; Newberry, A.; Hagan, H.; Cleland, C.M.; Des Jarlais, D.C.; Perlman, D.C. (January 2010). "Syphilis in Drug Users in Low and Middle Income Countries". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 21 (1): 20–27. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2009.02.008. PMC 2790553. PMID 19361976.
  13. ↑ Gao, L.; Zhang, L.; Jin, Q (September 2009). "Meta-analysis: prevalence of HIV infection and syphilis among MSM in China". Sexually Transmitted Infections. 85 (5): 354–58. doi:10.1136/sti.2008.034702. PMID 19351623. S2CID 24198278.
  14. ↑ Karp, G.; Schlaeffer, F.; Jotkowitz, A.; Riesenberg, K. (January 2009). "Syphilis and HIV co-infection". European Journal of Internal Medicine. 20 (1): 9–13. doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2008.04.002. PMID 19237085.

Read further

[edit | edit source]
[edit | edit source]
Dem retrieve am from "https://gpe.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Syphilis&oldid=81353"