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Sarume clan

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Sarume clan
Sarutahiko Shrine, the traditional shrine of the family
Sarume shrine, a subshrine of Sarutahiko Shrine, the traditional shrine of the family[1][2][3][4]
Home provinceIse Province
FounderAma-no-Uzume and Sarutahiko Ōkami


The Sarume clan (猿女君) was a Japanese clan.[5] It began with the goddess Ama-no-Uzume and Sarutahiko Ōkami. They married, and their children became the clan. Women in the clan danced and did holy rituals.[6][7][8][9] People sometimes saw them as Miko or as the ancestors of the miko.[10][11] Their dances later became part of miko ceremonies. Over time, records of the Sarume clan (猿女君) were lost.[12]

There is a Sarume shrine (猿女神社) inside Sarutahiko Shrine built for them.[1][2][3][4]

Overview

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The Sarume clan (猿女君) are said to come from Ama-no-Uzume, the goddess who helped bring Amaterasu out of the Ama-no-Iwato cave.[13]: 53–68  Sarume women danced Kagura [en] during enthronement rites.[13]: 25–26 

In the Department of Divinities, there was a group linked to them.[13]: 35 [13]: 25–26 

Sarume clan (猿女君) women did sacred dances.[13]: 35  At first, they were seers and healers. Later, they also danced during enthronements and court events.[13]: 25–26  They said they came from Ame no Uzume no Mikoto[13]: 25–26  and Sarutahiko Ōkami.[6][7][8][9]

Sarutahiko and Ama-no-Uzume, founders of the clan

In the myths, Amaterasu and Susano'o fought. Before Susano'o left Heaven, he visited Amaterasu. They made people from each other’s objects. Amaterasu made three women from his sword. Susano'o made five men from her necklace. Amaterasu said the men were hers because they came from her necklace. Susano'o became angry and destroyed her rice fields, threw a dead pony into her loom, and killed her helper. Amaterasu hid inside Ama-no-Iwato, the “heavenly rock cave.” The Sun was gone, and the world was dark.[13]: 53–68 

Ama-no-Uzume (天宇受売命) stood on a bucket and danced. She tore off her clothes. The gods laughed.[13]: 53–68  Amaterasu heard them and looked out. She saw her reflection in a mirror that Uzume had hung on a tree and slowly came out.[13]: 53–68 

Later, Amaterasu sent Uzume with her grandson Ninigi to earth. At the Ame-no-ukihashi [en] ("floating bridge of heaven"), Sarutahiko Ōkami blocked them. Uzume talked to him and let them pass. In some stories, she flirted with him.

Ama-no-Uzume and Sarutahiko fell in love and married. Their children formed the Sarume clan (猿女君).[6][7][8]

The Kogo Shui says this is the start of a ritual by the Sarume clan (猿女君).[9]

The Kojiki says that in Ise, Uzume made fish swear loyalty to Ninigi. The sea cucumber could not speak because it had no mouth, so Uzume cut one. This shows the Sarume were the first to receive offerings at Ise.[9]

Later, they mixed with the Wani clan [en].[14] The Wani had a similar role as mediums, so Sarume (猿女) women often married Wani men who performed rituals.[15]: 168 

Their dances later became part of miko ceremonies. Over time, records of the Sarume were lost.[12]

Sarutahiko Shrine in Ise is part of the same story. Its priests are said to be descendants of Sarutahiko Ōkami, who is worshipped there.[16][17]

There is also a Sarume shrine, a subshrine of Sarutahiko Shrine, built for them.[1][2][3][4]

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References

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  1. 1 2 3 "Sarutahiko Shrine | Ise City Tourism Association". web.archive.org. 2023-03-31. Archived from the original on 2023-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. 1 2 3 "Sarume Shrine | Ise City Tourism Association". web.archive.org. 2022-12-01. Archived from the original on 2022-12-01. Retrieved 2024-03-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  3. 1 2 3 "Dedicated to Sarutahiko Okami, the Kami of Guidance｜みちひらきの大神 猿田彦神社". web.archive.org. 2023-12-09. Archived from the original on 2023-12-09. Retrieved 2024-03-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. 1 2 3 "What is Sarutahiko-JinjaShrine Shrine and Sarume-JinjaShrine shrines where the strongest blessings reside that are essential for visiting Ise? | Interview report | Kanko Mie (Kanko Mie)". www.kankomie.or.jp. Retrieved 2024-03-19.
  5. ↑ "Sarume Clan • . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史". . A History . . of Japan . 日本歴史. Retrieved 2023-10-13.
  6. 1 2 3 Picken, Stuart D. B. (2004). Sourcebook in Shinto: Selected Documents. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-26432-0.
  7. 1 2 3 Roberts, Jeremy (2009). Japanese Mythology A to Z. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4381-2802-3.
  8. 1 2 3 Coulter, Charles Russell; Turner, Patricia (2013-07-04). Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-96397-2.
  9. 1 2 3 4 "Encyclopedia of Shinto詳細". 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム (in Japanese). Retrieved 2024-03-18.
  10. ↑ Kárpáti, János (2013). "Music of Female Shamans in Japan". Studia Musicologica. 54 (3): 225–256. ISSN 1788-6244.
  11. ↑ Averbuch, Irit (1998). "Shamanic Dance in Japan: The Choreography of Possession in Kagura Performance". Asian Folklore Studies. 57 (2): 293–329. doi:10.2307/1178756. ISSN 0385-2342.
  12. 1 2 Ortolani, Benito (1995). The Japanese Theatre: From Shamanistic Ritual to Contemporary Pluralism. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04333-3.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Hardacre, Helen (2017). Shinto: A History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-062171-1.
  14. ↑ Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Origins of the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami". Japan Review (4): 141–198. ISSN 0915-0986.
  15. ↑ Akima, Toshio (1993). "The Origins of the Grand Shrine of Ise and the Cult of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu Ōmikami". Japan Review (4): 141–198. ISSN 0915-0986.
  16. ↑ "Dedicated to Sarutahiko Okami, the Kami of Guidance｜みちひらきの大神 猿田彦神社". www.sarutahikojinja.or.jp. Retrieved 2023-10-21.
  17. ↑ "Sarutahiko | 國學院大學デジタルミュージアム". 2022-01-22. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
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