Pim Fortuyn

 

Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn, wanda aka fi sani da Pim Fortuyn (19 ga Fabrairu 1948 – 6 ga Mayu 2002), ɗan siyasan ƙasar Holland ne, marubuci, ma’aikacin gwamnati, ɗan kasuwa, masanin zamantakewa da ilimi wanda ya kafa jam’iyyar Pim Fortuyn List (Lijst Pim Fortuyn ko LPF) a cikin 2002.nlnlnl

Fortuyn ya yi aiki a matsayin farfesa a Jami'ar Erasmus na Rotterdam kafin ya shiga cikin harkokin kasuwanci kuma ya kasance mai ba da shawara ga gwamnatin Holland akan abubuwan more rayuwa. Daga nan ya zama sananne a cikin Netherlands a matsayin ɗan jarida, marubuci da sharhin kafofin watsa labarai.

Da farko Marxist wanda ke jin tausayi ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Netherlands, kuma daga baya memba na Jam'iyyar Labour ta Dutch a cikin shekarun 1970, imanin Fortuyn ya ƙaura canzawa zuwa dama a cikin shekarun 1990, musamman dangane da manufofin shige da fice na Netherlands. Fortuyn ya soki al'adu da yawa, shige da fice da Islama a cikin Netherlands. Ya kira Islama "al'adun baya", kuma an nakalto shi yana cewa idan ya yiwu bisa doka, zai rufe iyakoki ga baƙi Musulmi. Fortuyn ya kuma goyi bayan matakai masu tsauri game da aikata laifuka kuma ya 'yan adawa da tsarin mulki na jihar, yana son rage gudummawar kudi na Dutch ga Tarayyar Turai. Abokan hamayyarsa da kafofin watsa labarai sun kira shi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi, amma ya ki amincewa da wannan lakabin. Fortuyn ya kasance ɗan luwaɗi a bayyane kuma mai goyon bayan haƙƙin ɗan luwaɗi.

Fortuyn ya fito karara ya nisanta kansa daga 'yan siyasa na dama-dama kamar na Belgium Filip Dewinter, dan kasar Austria Jörg Haider, ko dan Faransa Jean-Marie Le Pen a duk lokacin da aka kwatanta da su. Yayin da ya kwatanta siyasarsa da ’yan siyasa masu ra’ayin rikau irin su Silvio Berlusconi na Italiya da Edmund Stoiber na Jamus, ya kuma yaba wa tsohon Firaministan Holland Joop den Uyl, mai rajin kare al’umma, da kuma shugaban jam’iyyar Democrat na Amurka John F. Kennedy. Fortuyn ya kuma soki tsarin polder da manufofin gwamnatin Wim Kok mai barin gado tare da bayyana kansa da kuma akidar LPF a matsayin mai aiwatarwa ba mai kishin jama'a ba. Ya kuma zama sananne saboda rashin al'ada da kuma hanyar muhawara mai ban sha'awa wanda aka dauke shi a cikin siyasar Holland a lokacin. A watan Maris na shekara ta 2002, sabuwar jam'iyyarsa ta LPF ta zama babbar jam'iyya a garin Fortuyn Rotterdam a lokacin zaben birni na Dutch da aka gudanar a wannan shekarar.

An kashe Fortuyn a lokacin yakin neman zabe na kasar Holland na 2002 ta hanyar Volkert van der Graaf, mai kula da muhalli na hagu kuma mai fafutukar kare Hakkin dabbobi. A kotu a lokacin shari'arsa, van der Graaf ya ce ya kashe Fortuyn don hana shi cin zarafin Musulmai a matsayin "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" da kuma yin niyya ga "masu rauni na al'umma" wajen neman ikon siyasa. LPF ta ci gaba da yin zabe a matsayi na biyu a lokacin zaben amma ta shiga raguwa ba da daɗewa ba kafin a rushe ta a matakin ƙasa a cikin 2008. Duk da wannan, ra'ayoyin Fortuyn da gado sun ci gaba da tasiri a kan siyasar Dutch. Masu kallo sun bayyana tasirin akidar sa a matsayin Fortuynism ko Fortuyn tawaye.

Tarihin rayuwa

Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi

An haifi Wilhelmus Simon Petrus Fortuijn a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu 1948 a Driehuis a cikin gundumar Dutch na Velsen, a matsayin ɗa na uku ga dangin Katolika na tsakiya. Mahaifinsa shi ne wakilin tallace-tallace na ambulan da kamfanin takarda kuma yana shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin Katolika na gida yayin da mahaifiyarsa ta kasance uwar gida. Mahaifiyar Fortuyn ta girma ne saboda mahaifinsa sau da yawa ba ya aiki. Ya fara halartar makarantar firamare ta Katolika, inda Fortuyn daga baya ya bayyana lokacinsa a matsayin "mummunan," kafin ya kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare ta Mendelcollege a Haarlem inda aka bayyana shi a matsayin dalibi mai basira.

Tun yana matashi, Fortuyn da farko ya so ya sami horo a matsayin firist, amma a 1967 ya fara karanta ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Amsterdam kuma ya halarci laccoci a tarihi, tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a. Bayan 'yan watanni ya koma Vrije Universiteit a Amsterdam inda ya ci gaba da digiri a ilimin zamantakewa da kuma daukar haɗin gwiwa azuzuwan girmamawa a cikin harkokin gwamnati. A 1971 ya kammala karatunsa tare da digiri na digiri na Doctorandus. A cikin 1981 ya sami digiri na uku a fannin ilimin zamantakewa a Jami'ar Groningen a matsayin Doctor na Falsafa.

Ayyuka

Ayyukan sana'a

Pim Fortuyn tare da Jan Willem de Pous a gabatar da shawarwarin SER na Shekaru Talatin da Biyar (1982)

Fortuyn ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a Jami'ar Kasuwanci ta Nyenrode kuma a matsayin mataimakin farfesa a Jami'an Groningen, inda ya koyar da ilimin zamantakewar Marxist. Ya kuma kasance ma'aikacin Jaridar Jami'ar Groningen wanda ya rubuta ginshiƙai. Ya kasance Marxist a lokacin kuma yana jin tausayi ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Netherlands (CPN), kodayake bai taɓa zama cikakken memba ba. Daga baya, ya shiga Jam'iyyar Labour Party. A shekara ta 1989 Fortuyn ya zama darektan kungiyar gwamnati da ke gudanar da katunan sufuri na dalibai kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin mataimakin bincike da kuma mai ba da shawara ga Majalisar Jama'a da Tattalin Arziki (SER). A cikin 1990 ya koma Rotterdam. Daga 1991 zuwa 1995, ya kasance farfesa na musamman a Jami'ar Erasmus ta Rotterdam, wanda aka nada shi a matsayin kujerar Albeda a cikin "yanayin aiki a cikin aikin gwamnati" kuma ya gudanar da kasuwancin ba da shawara kan ilimi.

Lokacin da kwangilarsa ta koyarwa a Rotterdam ta ƙare, Fortuyn ya yi aikin magana na jama'a, rubuta littattafai da ginshiƙan labarai, kuma ya yi aiki a matsayin marubucin mako-mako na Elsevier. A hankali ya tsunduma kansa cikin harkokin siyasa ta hanyar fitowa akai-akai a shirye-shiryen muhawara a gidajen talabijin kuma ya zama sananne ga jama'a game da salon magana mai kyau da kwarjini. A cikin 1994 ya fara daukar nauyin shirin nasa na rediyo akan RTV Rijnmond kuma sau da yawa ya fito a kan wasan muhawarar siyasa Buitenhof kuma daga baya a matsayin mai sharhi kan shirin harkokin kasuwanci na yau da kullun na Kasuwanci akan RTL Nederland. Fortuyn ya kasance ɗan luwaɗi a bayyane, kuma ya ce a cikin wata hira ta 2002 cewa shi Katolika ne.

Ayyukan siyasa

Pim Fortuyn a cikin 1991

Fortuyn ya fara aikinsa na siyasa a hagu kuma ya kasance a farkon Markisanci saboda ƙiyayya ga tsarin siyasar Holland wanda ya bayyana a matsayin rinjaye da ginshiƙai da "hankali mai mulki." Ya kasance mai tausayi ga Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Holland amma ya zaɓi kada ya zama memba saboda rashin jituwa da shugabancin jam'iyyar da kuma bayyana kansa a matsayin Marxist ba tare da zama mai aiki a kowace ƙungiyoyin gurguzu ba. A cikin 1970s ya shiga jam'iyyar Labour kuma ya zama mai ra'ayin jama'a. A cikin 1986, ra'ayinsa ya koma kan tsarin mulkin neoliberalism da fatan cewa kasuwa mai 'yanci za ta haifar da ƙarin 'yantar da daidaikun mutane, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen zalunci da tsarin mulki na jihohi. A cikin 1991, ya ba da shawarar korar rabin dukkan ma'aikatan gwamnati tare da haɓaka masu zaman kansu da raba gwamnati. A shekara ta 1992, Fortuyn ya rubuta Aan het volk van Nederland ("Ga mutanen Netherlands"), inda ya bayyana kansa a matsayin magajin ruhaniya na dan siyasa mai kishin kasa na Holland na ƙarni na 18 Joan Derk van der Capellen tot den Pol. Littafin ya bukaci ɗan ƙasa da ya riga ya sami 'yanci a al'ada ya yi amfani da kasuwar kyauta don kuma 'yantar da kansa ta hanyar tattalin arziki, daga jihar jin dadin jama'a. A shekara ta 1989, Fortuyn ya bar Jam'iyyar Labour kuma a cikin shekarun 1990s ya zama memba na VVD na tsakiya kuma ya kasance ɗan gajeren lokaci mai ba da shawara kan siyasa ga Christian Democratic Appeal a farkon shekarun 2000.

Kodayake a kan al'amuran tattalin arziki Fortuyn zai kasance mai sassaucin ra'ayi, a al'adu nan da nan ya zama mai rinjaye sosai daga masanin falsafar siyasa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma babban editan mako-mako Elsevier Hendrik Jan Schoo wanda ya sanya shi marubuci a 1993. Schoo ya yi nadama cewa sabon aji mai ci gaba zai inganta al'adu da yawa, ya kafa addinin farar hula mai adawa da wariyar launin fata a kan Mataki na 1 na kundin tsarin mulkin Holland, yana hana nuna bambanci. Yayinda a farkon shekarun 1990 Fortuyn ya kasance da ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi game da shige da fice, wannan ya canza a ƙarƙashin tasirin Schoo.

Neocons na Dutch sun fahimci cewa a cikin ƙasar Netherland mai zaman kanta, canji a kan layin juyin juya halin Reagan ya zama mai yuwuwa sosai. Haƙƙoƙin mata, haƙƙin luwaɗi, zubar da ciki da euthanasia gabaɗaya an yarda da su. A cikin littafinsa na 1995 De verweesde samenleving ("Ƙungiyoyin marayu"), Fortuyn ya yi iƙirarin cewa ci gaba na shekarun 1960 ya rushe ƙa'idodi da dabi'u na gargajiya. Dukansu ayyukan "mahaifin alama" da "mahaifiyar kulawa" sun ɓace, sun bar marayu ba tare da jagora ba, don rayuwa ta rashin ma'ana. Koyaya, Fortuyn bai ba da shawarar komawa ga tsoffin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ba ko Calvinist na Dutch da dabi'u na iconoclastic kuma ya yi jayayya cewa kafofin watsa labarai, makarantu da masu zane-zane ya kamata su samar da jagoranci na ɗabi'a, a bayyane ingantawa da kare sabbin dabi'u da al'ummar Yammacin zamani, koyaushe suna sake farfado da asalin Dutch. Fortuyn ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai sassaucin ra'ayi a kan batutuwa kamar haƙƙin LGBT a duk lokacin da yake siyasa.

Da yake karɓar nazarin falsafar da Carl Schmitt ya yi, an ɗauka cewa irin wannan ainihi za a iya bayyana shi ne kawai a cikin tsayayya da wasu abokan gaba na ainihi. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi ta hanyar Samuel Huntington's The Clash of Civilizations, za a sake kirkirar kabilanci na Dutch ta hanyar gano wannan abokin gaba a matsayin Islama. A cikin littafinsa na 1997 Tegen de islam ringing van onze cultuur ("A kan addinin musulunci na al'adunmu"), Fortuyn ya ba da shawarar cewa bayan faduwar kwaminisanci za a sami sabon abokin gaba a cikin al'adun musulmi. Fortuyn ya bayyana yunkurin tsattsauran ra'ayi na duniya na shekarun 1990 a matsayin martani game da rashin tsaro da duniya ta haifar. Ya kamata Yaren mutanen Holland suyi tsayayya da tsattsauran ra'ayi na Islama ta hanyar ingantawa da kare nasu Tushen, al'adun Yaren mutanen Yaren mutanen, musamman zamani da dabi'un Haskakawa. Wadannan bai kamata a tilasta su a kan yawan mutanen Holland gaba ɗaya ba, ban da baƙi. Ganin cewa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Amurka sun inganta manufofi masu karfi dangane da duniyar musulmi, masu ra'ayi na Holland sun fi son tsarin iko mai laushi. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin Hare-haren Satumba 11, Fortuyn ya yi kira ga Yaƙin Cold da Islama, ma'ana ƙiyayya mai karewa ba ta soja ba. Hare-haren da Yakin ta'addanci sun sanya Islama babbar matsala a siyasar Holland a karon farko.

Fortuyn ya bayyana aniyarsa ta tsayawa takarar majalisar dokoki a wata hira da yayi da EenVandaag a gidan talabijin a shekara ta 2001, kodayake bai bayyana jam’iyyar da zai nemi tsayawa takara da ita ba. Duk da cewa ya riga ya tuntubi sabuwar jam'iyyar Livable Netherlands (LN), ya kuma yi tunanin tsayawa takarar jam'iyyar Christian Democratic Appeal wadda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ba da shawara, ko ma ƙirƙirar jerin nasa. Wanda ya kafa Netherlands Jan Nagel daga baya ya gayyace shi don tsayawa takara a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar kuma an zabe Fortuyn "lijsttrekker" (dan takarar shugaban kasa) da babban rinjaye na mambobin jam'iyyar a taron LN a ranar 26 ga Nuwamba 2001, kafin babban zaben Holland na 2002. A cikin yunkurinsa na jagoranci da yakin neman zabe, Fortuyn ya kai hari ga manyan jam'iyyun siyasa da dokoki da kuma ƙaura. Ya kuma yi kira da a rage tsoma bakin gwamnati da kuma yin garambawul ga tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a da ilimi na kasar Holland. Fortuyn ya kammala jawabin nasa da cewa "a hidimar ku" a cikin harshen turanci wanda daga baya ya dauke shi a matsayin taken yakin neman zabensa a lokacin babban zabe. Ya kammala jawabinsa na karɓa ta hanyar faɗin kalmomin da za su zama taken sa; "A hidimarku!" Tallafin LN ya karu sosai a lokacin gajeren jagorancin Fortuyn, ya hau daga 2% a cikin kuri'un ra'ayi zuwa kusan 17% .

A ranar 9 ga Fabrairun 2002, Fortuyn ya yi hira da Volkskrant, jaridar Dutch (duba ƙasa) game da imaninsa game da ƙaura da Musulunci. An yi la'akari da kalaman nasa suna da cece-kuce har LN ta kira shi zuwa wani taron gaggawa sannan ta kore shi a matsayin lijsttrekker washegari bayan Fortuyn ya ƙi janye kalaman nasa. Dangane da shawarar tawagar yakin neman zabensa, Fortuyn ya fada a cikin hirar cewa ya fi son rufe iyakokin ga baƙi musulmi kuma idan zai yiwu zai kawar da "labari na musamman" na kundin tsarin mulkin Holland wanda ya hana nuna bambanci (a lokacin da aka ɗauka gabaɗaya cewa ya yi magana da Mataki na 1, daidaito a gaban doka; an yi jayayya, duk da haka, Fortuyn da kuma mai magana da yawun 1) ƙiyayya).

Kafa LPF

Bayan da Livable Netherlands ta ƙi, Fortuyn ya kafa nasa jam'iyyar Pim Fortuyn List (LPF) a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu 2002, dauke da dimbin tsoffin membobin LN da magoya bayansa. Yayin da yake jagorantar jerin sunayen jam'iyyar Livable Rotterdam, wanda ake ganin ta zama takwarar ta na cikin gida na LPF, ya samu gagarumar nasara a zaben majalisar karamar hukumar Rotterdam a farkon watan Maris na shekara ta 2002 inda aka zabi Fortuyn a matsayin majalisar karamar hukumar Rotterdam. Sabuwar jam'iyyar ta samu kusan kashi 36% na kujeru, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama jam'iyya mafi girma a majalisar. A karon farko tun bayan yakin duniya na biyu, jam'iyyar Labour ta fice daga mulki a Rotterdam.

Nasarar da Fortuyn ya samu ta sa ya zama batun ɗaruruwan tambayoyi a cikin watanni uku masu zuwa, kuma ya yi maganganu da yawa game da aƙidar siyasarsa. A cikin Maris ya fitar da littafinsa The Mess of Eight Purple Years (De puinhopen van acht jaar Paars), wanda ya soki tsarin siyasa na yanzu a Netherlands kuma aka yi amfani da shi azaman tsarin siyasarsa don babban zabe mai zuwa. Purple launi ne don nuna gwamnatin haɗin gwiwar da ta ƙunshi jam'iyyun hagu (ja) da jam'iyyun masu ra'ayin mazan jiya-mai sassaucin ra'ayi (blue). Kasar Netherlands dai ta kasance karkashin irin wannan kawancen tsawon shekaru takwas a wancan lokacin.

A ranar 14 ga Maris 2002, wani mai fafutuka na hagu daga Brigade na Biotic Baking Brigade a Hague ya yi wa Fortuyn hidima. Sakamakon haka, Fortuyn ya fara bayyana tsoron a ji masa rauni ko kuma a kashe shi kuma ya zargi 'yan jam'iyyar siyasar Holland da karfafa tashin hankali a kansa.

Mutuwa

Gidan Fortuyn a Rotterdam inda ya zauna daga 1998 har zuwa mutuwarsa

A ranar 6 ga Mayu 2002, yana da shekaru 54, Volkert van der Graaf ya kashe Fortuyn da bindiga a Hilversum, Arewacin Holland. Harin ya faru ne a filin ajiye motoci a waje da gidan rediyo inda Fortuyn ya ba da hira. Wannan ya kasance kwanaki tara kafin babban zabe, inda yake gudu. Hans Smolders, direban Fortuyn, ya bi mai kai hari, kuma 'yan sanda sun kama shi jim kadan bayan haka, har yanzu yana da bindiga. Watanni bayan haka, Van der Graaf ya furta a kotu ga sanannen kisan siyasa na farko a Netherlands tun daga 1672 (ban da yakin duniya na biyu). A ranar 15 ga Afrilu 2003, an same shi da laifin kisan Fortuyn kuma an yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 18 a kurkuku. An sake shi a kan parole a watan Mayu 2014 bayan ya yi kashi biyu bisa uku na hukuncinsa, daidaitattun hanyoyin da ke karkashin tsarin hukunci na Dutch.

Kisan wanda ya girgiza mazauna kasar Netherlands da dama kuma ya bayyana rikicin al'adu a kasar. Daban-daban dabarun makirci sun taso bayan kisan Pim Fortuyn kuma ya shafi siyasa da al'ummar Holland sosai. ''Yan siyasa daga kowane bangare sun dakatar da yakin neman zabe. Bayan tattaunawa da LPF, gwamnati ta yanke shawarar cewa ba za ta dage zaben ba. Kamar yadda dokar Holland ba ta ba da izinin yin gyare-gyaren ƙuri'un ba, Fortuyn ya zama ɗan takara bayan mutuwa. Jam'iyyar LPF ta yi wa 'yan majalisar wakilai a karon farko da ba a taba yin irinta ba ta hanyar lashe kujeru 26 (17% na kujeru 150 na majalisar). LPF ta shiga majalisar ministoci tare da Christian Democratic Appeal da People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, amma rigingimu a cikin jam'iyyar LPF da ba ta da tushe cikin sauri ta ruguza majalisar ministocin, lamarin da ya tilasta yin sabon zabe. A shekara mai zuwa, jam’iyyar ta rasa goyon bayanta, inda ta samu kujeru takwas kacal a zaben 2003. Ba ta samu kujeru ba a zabukan 2006, inda a lokacin ne jam'iyyar Party for Freedom, karkashin jagorancin Geert Wilders, ta zama magaji.

A cikin watannin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa, Fortuyn ya kusanci Cocin Katolika. Ga mamakin masu sharhi da yawa da masu watsa shirye-shiryen talabijin na Dutch, Fortuyn ya dage kan Fr. Louis Berger, wani limamin coci daga The Hague, tare da raka shi a wasu fitowar TV na ƙarshe. A cewar The New York Times, Berger ya zama "abokinsa kuma mai ba da furci" a cikin makonnin ƙarshe na rayuwarsa.

Kabari

An fara binne Fortuyn a Driehuis a cikin Netherlands. An sake shigar da shi a ranar 20 ga Yuli 2002, a San Giorgio della Richinvelda, a lardin Pordenone a Italiya, inda ya mallaki gida.

Ra'ayoyi

 

Musulunci da shige da fice

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi game da adawarsa ga shige da fice na Musulmi, Fortuyn ya bayyana cewa, "Ba ni da sha'awar shiga cikin 'yancin mata da masu luwadi a duk faɗin. " A watan Agustan shekara ta 2001, an nakalto Fortuyn a cikin jaridar Rotterdams Dagblad yana cewa, "Ni ma na goyon bayan Yakin sanyi tare da Islama. " A matsayin barazana mai ban mamaki, a cikin shirin TV Business Class, Fortuyanci ya ce Musulmai a cikin Netherlands ba su yarda da al'umma ba su yarda ba su dace da dabi'adun Yammacin Yammacin Holland ba. " Ya ce Musulmai a cikin Netherlands suna buƙatar yarda da zama tare da Dutch, kuma idan wannan ba a yarda da shi ba, to suna da 'yanci su tafi. Kalmomin da ya kammala a cikin shirin talabijin sun kasance "... Ina so in zauna tare da Musulmai, amma yana ɗaukar biyu don tango. " Fortuyn ya kuma ci gaba da cewa bai yi tsayayya da baƙi Musulmai ba saboda tseren su ko kabilanci, kuma ba ya adawa da al'umma mai launin fata, amma ya yi tsayayyar abin da ya gani a matsayin rashin haɗin kai da rashin son daidaitawa da ka'idodin Dutch na zamani da 'yanci na zamantakewa a cikin al'ummomin Musulmai. 

Bayan mutuwarsa an sanya wani mutum-mutumi a gidansa a Rotterdam. Tun daga wannan lokacin an cire mutum-mutumi daga dukiyar kuma an sayar da shi

A ranar 9 ga watan Fabrairun shekara ta 2002, an dauki karin maganganun da ya yi a wata hira da Volkskrant a lokacin jagorancin jam'iyyar Livable Netherlands. Fortuyn ya yi jayayya cewa al'adun Islama za su dauke shi "kasa da alade" saboda kasancewa Kirista da ɗan luwaɗi. Ya ce Netherlands, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 16, yana da isasshen mazauna, kuma dole ne a dakatar da aikin ba da izinin masu neman mafaka 40,000 zuwa kasar a kowace shekara. Adadin gaske na shekara ta 2001 ya kasance 27,000, ya ragu dan kadan a shekarar da ta gabata. Fortuyn ya kuma yi jayayya cewa ba zai ba da izinin ƙarin baƙi Musulmi zuwa Netherlands ba idan ya yiwu bisa doka. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa idan ya zama wani ɓangare na gwamnati mai zuwa, zai bi ƙa'idodin ƙuntataccen shige da fice yayin da yake ba da izinin zama ɗan ƙasa ga babban rukuni na baƙi ba bisa ka'ida ba, yana mai cewa bai yi niyyar "sauka wa 'yan tawaye na Maroko" a kan Sarkin Maroko Hassan ba. Hassan ya mutu shekaru uku da suka gabata. Ya yi la'akari da Mataki na 7 na kundin tsarin mulki, wanda ke tabbatar da 'yancin magana, wanda ya fi muhimmanci fiye da Mataki 1, wanda ya hana nuna bambanci bisa ga addini, ka'idodin rayuwa, sha'awar siyasa, launin fata, ko son jima'i. Fortuyn ya kuma nisanta kansa daga Hans Janmaat na Centrum Democraten, wanda a cikin shekarun 1980s yana so ya cire dukkan baƙi daga kasar kuma an yanke masa hukunci akai-akai saboda nuna bambanci da maganganun ƙiyayya.

Fortuyn ya ba da shawarar cewa duk mutanen da suka riga sun zauna a Netherlands za a ba su damar zama, idan dai baƙi sun karɓi yarjejeniyar al'ummar Holland game da haƙƙin ɗan adam a matsayin nasu. Ya ce: "ba haɗa kai ba yana nufin barin" kuma "ya kamata a rufe iyakoki". Ya ce "Idan har ya yiwu a bisa doka, zan ce babu sauran musulmi da za su shigo nan", yana mai cewa kwararowar musulmi zai yi barazana ga 'yanci a cikin al'ummar Holland masu sassaucin ra'ayi. Ya yi tunanin al'adun musulmi ba su taba yin wani tsari na zamani na zamani ba, don haka har yanzu ba a yarda da dimokuradiyya da 'yancin mata, 'yan luwadi, 'yan madigo da 'yan tsiraru ba.

I don't hate Islam. I consider it a backward culture. I have travelled much in the world. And wherever Islam rules, it's just terrible. All the hypocrisy. It's a bit like those old Reformed Protestants. The Reformed lie all the time. And why is that? Because they have standards and values that are so high that you can't humanly maintain them. You also see that in that Muslim culture. Then look at the Netherlands. In what country could an electoral leader of such a large movement as mine be openly homosexual? How wonderful that that's possible. That's something that one can be proud of. And I'd like to keep it that way, thank you very much.

Fortuyn ya yi amfani da kalmar achterlijk, a zahiri ma'anar "baya", amma yawanci ana amfani da ita azaman cin mutunci a ma'anar "rage". Bayan amfani da "achterlijk" ya haifar da hayaniya, Fortuyn ya ce ya yi amfani da kalmar tare da ainihin ma'anarta ta "baya".

Fortuyn ya rubuta Against the Islamization of Our Culture (1997) (a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland).

A cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin da ta yi a gwamnati, jam'iyyar Fortuyn ta LPF ta yi ƙoƙarin gabatar da wata shawara don ba da afuwa ga masu neman mafaka da suka kasance a cikin Netherlands fiye da shekaru biyar tare da tsayawa na wucin gadi da kuma ƙuntatawa ga ci gaba da ƙaura.

Gaskiya

Akida ko salon siyasar da aka samo daga Pim Fortuyn, sannan kuma LPF, galibi ana kiransa Fortuynism. Masu lura da al'amura daban-daban suna ganinsa a matsayin zanga-zangar siyasa da ke nufin zarge-zargen zarge-zarge da salon tsarin mulki na kawancen purple na Holland ko kuma yana ba da salon siyasa mai ban sha'awa. An siffanta salon daban-daban a matsayin "buɗewa, kai tsaye da bayyanawa", populism ko kuma kawai a matsayin kwarjini. Wata makaranta tana riki Fortuynism a matsayin wata akida ta daban, tare da madadin hangen nesa na al'umma. Wasu sun yi iƙirarin cewa Fortuynism ba akida ɗaya ce kawai ba, amma tana ɗauke da liberalism, populism da kishin ƙasa.

Filin Pim Fortuynplaats a Rotterdam wanda aka sanya masa suna bayan Fortuyn

A lokacin yakin neman zabe na 2002, wasu sun zargi Fortuyn da kasancewa a kan "mafi girman dama", kodayake wasu sun ga wasu kamanceceniya kawai. Yayinda yake amfani da maganganun adawa da shige da fice, ya dauki kansa ba mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na kasa ba ko kuma mai kare dabi'un mulkin mallaka na gargajiya. Fortuyn ya bayyana cewa bai kalli kansa a matsayin dan siyasa mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ba, ko kuma mai tsattstsauran ra-ci-dolli, kuma ya yi jayayya da waɗannan lakabin lokacin da 'yan jarida suka yi amfani da su don bayyana shi. Akasin haka, Fortuyn ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana so ya kare dabi'un zamantakewa da al'adu na Netherlands, haƙƙin mata da 'yan tsiraru na jima'i (shi da kansa ya kasance ɗan luwaɗi a bayyane), daga al'adun Islama "baya". Ya kasance da ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi game da manufofin miyagun ƙwayoyi na Netherlands, auren jinsi ɗaya, euthanasia, da matsayi masu alaƙa. Fortuyn ya kasance memba na Jam'iyyar Republican, kuma ya fi son tsarin tsarin Amurka tare da zababben shugaban kasa, zababben magajin gari da kwamishinonin 'yan sanda. Ya kuma nuna goyon baya ga jihar Isra'ila a duk lokacin da yake aiki a siyasa.

LPF ta kuma sami goyon baya daga wasu tsirarun kabilu; daya daga cikin makusantan Fortuyn dan asalin kasar Cape Verde ne, kuma daya daga cikin 'yan majalisar jam'iyyar wata budurwa ce 'yar asalin kasar Turkiyya.

Ra'ayinsa ya kunshi matsayi masu zuwa:  

Rashin amincewa

Hoton Anti-Fortuyn na 'Yan gurguzu na kasa da kasa tare da taken "Stop de Hollandse Haider" (Turanci: "Stop the Dutch Haider") kusa da gidan Fortuyn a Rotterdam a ranar 6 ga Mayu 2002

An kwatanta Fortuyn da 'yan siyasa Jörg Haider da Jean-Marie Le Pen a cikin jaridu na kasashen waje. Waɗannan kwatancen galibi 'yan jaridu da 'yan siyasa na Holland ne ke magana da su. Wani kwatancen da Le Pen ya yi ta hanyar Ad Melkert, sannan lijsttrekker na Jam'iyyar Labour, wanda ya ce a cikin Emmen a ranar 24 ga Afrilu 2002: "Idan kun yi kwarjini da Fortuyn, to a cikin Netherlands irin wannan zai faru kamar yadda ya faru a Faransa. "

A ranar 5 ga Mayu, kwana daya kafin kisan, Fortuyn a wata muhawara da Melkert wanda jaridar Algemeen Dagblad ta shirya ya yi ikirarin cewa aljani ne. A cikin ta ya ce ya kan gaya wa ‘yan jarida cewa hoton da aka yi masa a kafafen yada labarai ba daidai ba ne.

Mawallafin Jan Blokker ya rubuta cewa "[bayan] karanta [...] Na sake fahimtar cewa Farfesa Pim za a iya kiransa Jean-Marie Le Pen, Filip Dewinter, Jörg Haider da sabon Hans Janmaat na Netherlands. " Firayim Minista Wim Kok ya zargi Fortuyn da tayar da tsoro da kuma tayar da xenophobia tsakanin mutanen Holland. [a] A cikin tseren zuwa zaben 2002, shugaban GroenLinks Paul Rosenmöller ya yi iƙirarin cewa manufofin Fortuyn "ba kawai daidai ba ne amma matsanancin dama".

Fortuyn sau da yawa yakan mayar da martani ga sukar da ya ce kafafen yada labarai sun yi rashin fahimta ko kuma gurbata ra'ayinsa, sannan ya yi watsi da kwatancen tare da nuna rashin jin dadinsa ga 'yan siyasa masu tsatsauran ra'ayi a wasu kasashen Turai. Ya fito fili ya nisanta kansa daga Jean-Marie Le Pen tare da sukar wasu manufofinsa, ciki har da yadda Le Pen ta yi watsi da kisan kiyashi. A wata hira da 'yar jaridar BBC Kirsty Lang, Fortuyn ya bayyana cewa kuskuren da 'yan jarida da 'yan adawa suka nuna adawarsa da shige da ficen musulmi a matsayin nuna wariyar launin fata, a maimakon haka ya bayar da hujjar cewa hakan ya samo asali ne daga sha'awarsa na kiyaye hukunce-hukuncen Holland ga tsiraru da mata da kuma hana rikicin al'adu tsakanin al'ummar Yammacin Turai. A siyasar cikin gida, Fortuyn ya kuma nesanta ra'ayinsa daga 'yan siyasar Holland masu ra'ayin mazan jiya irin su Hans Janmaat da Joop Glimmerveen (wanda ya yi kira da a kori baki daga Netherlands) ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa idan ya hau kan karagar mulki, zai yafe ba bisa ka'ida ba idan sun zauna a Netherlands sama da shekaru biyar kuma ya ba su hanyar zama dan kasa idan za su iya zama cikin al'umma.

A cikin hirar da aka yi a kan nunin magana ta Holland Jensen! wanda aka watsa jim kaɗan kafin mutuwarsa, Fortuyn ya zargi membobin gwamnatin Holland da kuma ƙungiyoyin siyasa da jefa rayuwarsa cikin haɗari ta hanyar shayar da shi akai-akai da kuma imaninsa.

Kyauta

Abin tunawa da Pim Fortuyn a Rotterdam

Fortuyn ya canza yanayin siyasar Holland. Zaɓen 2002, makonni kaɗan bayan mutuwar Fortuyn, an sami babban hasarar da jam'iyyar People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ta samu musamman jam'iyyar Social Democratic Labor Party (wanda ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ta ragu da rabi); dukkanin bangarorin biyu sun maye gurbin shugabanninsu jim kadan bayan asarar da suka yi. Wadanda suka lashe zaben su ne Pim Fortuyn List, da kuma Christian Democratic Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) wanda shugabanta Jan Peter Balkenende ya ci gaba da zama firaminista. Wasu masu sharhi a cikin al'amuran siyasa na al'ada sun yi hasashen cewa shahadar da Fortuyn ta dauka ya haifar da babban goyon baya ga LPF, don haka takaitacciyar jam'iyyar ta samu kashi 17% na kuri'un zaben da kashi 26 daga cikin kujeru 150 na majalisar dokokin Holland. Wasu sun yi ra'ayin cewa masu jefa kuri'a da za su goyi bayan LPF idan ba a kashe Fortuyn ba sun zabi CDA ne saboda Balkenende bai hada kai da wasu shugabannin jam'iyyar wajen kai wa Fortuyn hari ba. Daga baya Balkenende ya yi ikirarin cewa ya raba wasu ra'ayoyin Fortuyn kuma ya yi alkawarin aiwatar da wasu ra'ayoyin manufofinsa. Ko da yake LPF ta sami damar kafa haɗin gwiwa tare da Christian Democratic Appeal da People's Party for Freedom and Democracy, ta yi fama da rigingimu na cikin gida kuma cikin sauri ta ɓace. Majalisar ministocin gamayyar jam'iyyar Jan Peter Balkenende ta fadi cikin watanni uku, saboda takun saka a cikin jam'iyyar LPF. A zabuka masu zuwa, LPF ta samu kujeru takwas kacal a majalisar dokoki (cikin 150) kuma ba a saka shi cikin sabuwar gwamnati ba. Yawancin jagororin LPF masu zuwa ba a ɗauke su a matsayin masu kwarjini kamar Fortuyn kuma yayin da majalisar ministoci ta gaba a ƙarƙashin Balkenende ta ci gaba da ci gaba da yawancin manufofin tsohuwar ƙungiyar, ya zama da wahala ga LPF ta gabatar da wani zaɓi ga gwamnati. Sai dai masu sharhi kan al'amuran siyasa sun yi hasashen cewa masu kada kuri'a da ba su gamsu ba za su iya kada kuri'a ga wata jam'iyyar da ba ta gargajiya ba, idan akwai wata hanyar da za ta dace. Daga baya, jam'iyyar dama ta 'yancin kai karkashin jagorancin Geert Wilders, wacce ke da tsayin daka kan shige da fice da hadewar al'adu, tana ba da shawarar korar masu aikata laifuka, marasa aikin yi ko wadanda ba 'yan gudun hijira ba, sun sami kujeru tara (cikin 150) a zaben 2006 kuma ta zama babbar jam'iyya a zaben 20237, ta kai ga samun kujeru 20237.

Kabarin wucin gadi na Pim Fortuyn a Driehuis

Netherlands ta sanya manufofin mafaka da tsauri. Masu adawa da Fortuynism, kamar su Paul Rosenmöller, Thom na Graaf, da Ad Melkert (duk suna lakafta Fortuyn a matsayin mai tsattsauran ra'ayi na dama), sun ki amincewa da abin da suke tunanin shine mummunan yanayi na siyasa da zamantakewa, musamman ga baƙi da Musulmai.

Koyaya, wasu masu sharhi kamar Ayaan Hirsi Ali, David Starkey da Douglas Murray sun kare wasu imanin Fortuyn. Tsohon Firayim Ministan Holland Jan Peter Balkenende ya kuma bayyana cewa daga baya ya amince da wasu zarge-zargen Fortuyn game da al'adu da hadin gwiwar purple a karkashin Wim Kok.

Siyasa ta Dutch ta zamani ta fi rikitarwa fiye da yadda ta kasance a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, musamman a kan batutuwan da aka fi sani da Fortuyn. Mutane suna muhawara game da nasarar al'ummarsu ta al'adu daban-daban, da kuma ko suna buƙatar inganta sababbin masu zuwa. Shawarwarin da gwamnati ta yanke a shekara ta 2004 don fitar da masu neman mafaka da suka gaza ya kasance mai kawo rigima. Fortuyn ya ba da shawarar afuwa sau ɗaya ga waɗanda ke neman mafaka waɗanda suka zauna a Netherlands na dogon lokaci.

A cikin 2004, a cikin wani wasan kwaikwayo na TV, an zaɓi Fortuyn a matsayin De Grootste Nederlander ("Mafi Girman ɗan Holland na kowane lokaci"), wanda William na Orange ya bi shi a hankali, jagoran yakin 'yancin kai wanda ya kafa mafarin zuwa Netherlands ta yau. Ba a dauki zaben a matsayin wakili ba, saboda zaben da masu kallo suka yi ta hanyar yanar gizo da kuma ta wayar tarho. An kashe Theo van Gogh kwanaki kadan kafin wani musulmi ya kashe shi, wanda da alama ya shafi zaben mutane a gasar TV ta Fortuyn. Daga baya shirin ya bayyana cewa William na Orange ya sami mafi yawan kuri'u, amma da yawa ba za a iya kirgawa ba sai bayan lokacin rufe gidan talabijin a hukumance (da kuma bayyana wanda ya yi nasara), saboda matsalolin fasaha. Dokokin hukuma na nunin sun ce kuri'un da aka kirga kafin a kammala wasan za su kasance masu yanke hukunci, amma an ba da shawarar cewa za a kirga dukkan kuri'un da aka kada daidai kafin a rufe zaben. Bayan bin ka'idodin hukuma, ba a canza sakamakon ba.

Gidan ajiye motoci a Hilversum inda aka kashe Fortuyn

Alamar a wurin da aka kashe shi

'Yan siyasa na dama ya sami babban tasiri a cikin jama'a bayan mutuwar Fortuyn, kamar tsohuwar Ministar Haɗin kai & Shige da Fice Rita Verdonk, fitacciyar mai sukar Musulunci, Memba na Majalisar Wakilai Geert Wilders wanda a 2006 ya kafa Jam'iyyar for Freedom (wanda ta zama babbar jam'iyya a majalisar wakilai a 2023). Wadannan 'yan siyasa sukan mayar da hankali kan muhawarar hadewar al'adu da haɗin kai.

Gidan taro mai suna bayan Fortuyn a cikin Majalisar Wakilai

Tsakanin 2003 zuwa 2004, dangin Fortuyn sun ba da gudummawar wasiƙun ta'aziyya, katunan, abubuwa da littattafan rajista waɗanda aka sanya a wurare daban-daban da ke da alaƙa da Fortuyn kamar gidansa, zauren birnin Rotterdam, Homonument a Amsterdam, Media Park a Hilversum da Majalisar Wakilai zuwa Cibiyar Meertens. A halin yanzu ana ajiye su a cikin ma'ajiyar cibiyar kuma ana iya tuntubar su don bincike.

Magoya bayan Fortuyn sun ci gaba da kafa lambar yabo ta Pim Fortuyn na shekara-shekara wadda ake ba wa masu ra'ayi, 'yan siyasa ko masu sharhi waɗanda suka fi dacewa da ra'ayoyin Pim Fortuyn. Wadanda suka yi nasara sun hada da Ebru Umar da John van den Heuvel da firaministan Belgium Bart De Wever.

A cikin 2012, daidai shekaru goma bayan kisan Fortuyn, wani yanki na Korte Hoogstraat (cibiyar birni) na Rotterdam an sake masa suna Pim Fortuynplaats. Kimanin mutane dubu ne suka halarci bikin.

A cikin 2023, an sanya sunan dakin taro bayan Fortuyn a cikin Majalisar Wakilai na wucin gadi wanda ke dauke da taga abin tunawa.

Don bikin cika shekaru 22 da mutuwarsa a cikin Mayu 2024, an fara kamfen ɗin taron jama'a tare da amincewar dangin Fortuyn tare da nufin samun adadin littattafan Fortuyn da aka ba da labari tare da muryar Fortuyn da AI ta ƙirƙira.

Littattafan da aka zaɓa

• Het zakenkabinet Fortuyn (A.W. Bruna, 1994)
• Beklemmend Nederland (A.W. Bruna, 1995), ( ) ISBN 90-229-8234-3
• Uw baan staat op de tocht! : Het einde van de overlegeconomie (A.W. Bruna, 1995) ( ISBN 978-90-229-8264-8
• A.W. Bruna, 1996), ( ) ISBN 9789022983119
• Tegen na addinin musulunci da aka tsara goma sha ɗaya: Nederlandse identiteit als fundament (A.W. Bruna, 1997), ( ) ISBN 90-229-8338-2
• Zielloos Turai (Bruna, 1997), ( ) ISBN 90-229-8352-8
• 50 ya tafi Isra'ila, hoe lang nog? : Tegen het tolereren van fundamentalism (Bruna, 1998), ( ) ISBN 90-229-8407-9
• Daga baya juyin juya hali (bruna, 1999)
• Daga verweesde iri ɗaya (Karakter Uitgevers, 2002) ( ) ISBN 90-6112-931-1
• Daga Puinhopen van acht jaar Paars (Karakter Uitgevers, 2002), ( ) ISBN 90-6112-911-7

A cikin al'adun gargajiya

 

• Waƙar "Feint" ta Epica an yi ta ne bayan mutuwar Pim Fortuyn.
• An ambaci mutuwar Fortuyn a cikin littafin De zesde mei (The Sixth of May) na Tomas Ross .
• 06/05, fim ne na 2004 wanda Theo Van Gogh ya jagoranta wanda ya dogara da kisan Pim Fortuyn duk da cewa yana da abubuwa masu ban mamaki.
• Het jaar van Fortuyn (The Year of Fortuyn), wasan kwaikwayo na tarihin rayuwa na 2022 wanda aka watsa a kan AVROTROS wanda ke nuna hauhawar siyasa ta Fortuyn kafin zaben 2002 zuwa kisan kai. Jeroen Spitzenberger ne ya nuna Fortuyn a cikin jerin.

Bayanan da aka ambata

Bayanan littattafai

•  
• Merijn Oudenampsen, 2018, Daga Tashin Tsaro - Een Ideeëngeschiedenis van de Fortuynopstand, Uitgeverij Vantilt, Nijmegen
•  

Haɗin waje

• Official website
• (a cikin Yaren mutanen Holland) Dokta W.S.P. (Pim) Fortuijn Parlement & Politiek
• Pim FortuynaIMDb

Party political offices
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