Names of large numbers

There are two main ways of using words to write large numbers. The American way or "short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "long form" of naming large numbers. This is mainly because of American finance.

Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions. Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (10⁹) while in Long form it is one million millions (10¹²).

The change in the United Kingdom (UK) to short-form numbering happened in 1973. Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.

History

Prehistory

Numbers were first used by prehistoric tribes. Those prehistoric tribes invented numbers as a way to measure and calculate items, something which required counting. More advanced prehistoric tribes later invented mathematics and they started adding, subtracting, and multiplying as a way to measure and calculate more advanced and complex items and certain fields.

Bronze Age

Large numbers were first used by ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Akkad, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, Rome, and Greece, for measuring and calculating items. As civilizations grew more complex, numbers did as well.

Renaissance

The words billion and trillion, and millions were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words million, billion, trillion, and even further to write and describe much larger numbers. Adam and Chuquet both used long scale. For example, Adam's billion (Chuquet's (bi)llion) was used to write 10¹². While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word million comes from the Old Italian millione. These words were also probably commonly used before the books were written.

Names for small, large numbers

Scientific notation	American name (Short Scale)	Old European name (Long Scale)	Old-British name	Acronyms	Metric prefix
0	Zero	Zero	Zero	Z	Oude-
10-3,000,000,003	Nanillionth	Quinquagintimicrilliardth	Thousand Quinquagintimicrillionth	Nnit	Nanoilo-
10-3,000,003	Micrillionth	Quingentillinilliardth	Thousandth Quingentillinillionth	Mct	Magno-
10-3,003	Millinillionth	Quingentilliardth	Thousandth Quingentillionth	Mnt	Millo-
10-303	Centillionth	Quinquagintilliardth	Thousandth Quinquagintillionth	Cet	Cento-
10-102	Tretrigintillionth	Septendecillionth	Septendecillionth	Ttgt	Yuro-
10-99	Duotrigintillionth	Sexdecilliardth	Thousand sexdecillionth	Dtgt	Ziro-
10-96	Untrigintillionth	Sexdecillionth	Sexdecillionth	Utgt	Arito-
10-93	Trigintillionth	Quindecilliard	Thousand quindecillionth	Tgt	Broto-
10-90	Novemvigintillionth	Quindecillionth	Quindecillionth	Novgt	Cerito-
10-87	Octovigintillionth	Quattuordecilliardth	Thousand quattuordecillionth	Ocvgt	Deseto-
10-84	Septenvigintillionth	Quattuordecillionth	Quattuordecillionth	Spvgt	Esto-
10-81	Sexvigintillionth	Tredecilliardth	Thousand tredecillionth	Sxvgt	Fekato-
10-78	Quinvigintillionth	Tredecillionth	Tredecillionth	Qivgt	Groto-
10-75	Quattuorvigintillionth	Duodecilliardth	Thousand duodecillionth	Qavgt	Hemmo-
10-72	Trevigintillionth	Duodecillionth	Duodecillionth	Tvgt	Infto-
10-69	Duovigintillionth	Undecilliardth	Thousand undecillionth	Dvgt	Jeto-
10-66	Unvigintillionth	Undecillionth	Undecillionth	Uvgt	Kentro-
10-63	Vigintillionth	Decilliardth	Thousand decillionth	Vgt	Lunto-
10-60	Novemdecillionth	Decillionth	Decillionth	Nodct	Mikto-
10-57	Octodecillionth	Nonilliardth	Thousand nonillionth	Ocdct	Nekto-
10-54	Septendecillionth	Nonillionth	Nonillionth	Spdct	Otro-
10-51	Sexdecillionth	Octilliardth	Thousand octillionth	Sxdct	Pekto-
10-48	Quindecillionth	Octillionth	Octillionth	Qidct	Quexo-
10-45	Quattuordecillionth	Septilliardth	Thousand septillionth	Qadct	Rinno-
10-42	Tredecillionth	Septillionth	Septillionth	Tdct	Sorto-
10-39	Duodecillionth	Sextilliardth	Thousand sextillionth	Ddct	Trekto-
10-36	Undecillionth	Sextillionth	Sextillionth	Udct	Unto-
10-33	Decillionth	Quintilliardth	Thousand quintillionth	Dct	Vunkto-
10-30	Nonillionth	Quintillionth	Quintillionth	Not	Quecto-
10-27	Octillionth	Quadrilliardth	Thousand quadrillionth	Oct	Ronto-
10-24	Septillionth	Quadrillionth	Quadrillionth	Spt	Yocto-
10-21	Sextillionth	Trilliardth	Thousand trillionth	Sxt	Zepto-
10-18	Quintillionth	Trillionth	Trillionth	Qit	Atto-
10-15	Quadrillionth	Billiardth	Thousand billionth	Qat	Femto-
10-12	Trillionth	Billionth	Billionth	Tt	Pico-
10-9	Billionth	Milliardth	Thousand millionth	Bt	Nano-
10-6	Millionth	Millionth	Millionth	Mt	Micro-
10-3	Thousandth	Thousandth	Thousandth	Kt	Milli-
0.01	Hundredth	Hundredth	Hundredth	Ht	Centi-
0.1	Tenth	Tenth	Tenth	Tt	Deci-
is small numbers(↑) is large numbers(↓)
1	One	One	One	O	Uno-
1.4142135623...	Pytagoras Constact	Pytagoras Constant	Pytagoras Constant	Ptg Ctc
2	Two	Two	Two	Tw	Du-
3	Three	Three	Three	Th	Tri-
3.1415926535...	Pi	Pi	Pi	P
4	Four	Four	Four	Fo	Tetra-
5	Five	Five	Five	Fi	Penta-
6	Six	Six	Six	Si	Hexa-
7	Seven	Seven	Seven	Se	Hepta-
8	Eight	Eight	Eight	Ei	Octa-
9	Nine	Nine	Nine	Ni	Nona-
10	Ten	Ten	Ten	D	Deca-
11	Eleven	Eleven	Eleven	El	Hendeca-
12	Twelve	Twelve	Twelve	Twl	Dodeca-
13	Thirteen	Thirteen	Thirteen	Thr	Tredeca-
14	Fourteen	Fourteen	Fourteen	For	Tetradeca-
15	Fifteen	Fifteen	Fifteen	Fif	Pentadeca-
16	Sixteen	Sixteen	Sixteen	Six	Hexadeca-
17	Seventeen	Seventeen	Seventeen	Sev	Heptadeca-
18	Eighteen	Eighteen	Eighteen	Eig	Octodeca-
19	Nineteen	Nineteen	Nineteen	Nin	Nonadeca-
20	Twenty	Twenty	Twenty	Twt	Icosa-
30	Thirty	Thirty	Thirty	Tht	Meicosa-
40	Forty	Forty	Forty	Fot	Tetraconta-
50	Fifty	Fifty	Fifty	Fit	Pentaconta-
60	Sixty	Sixty	Sixty	Sit	Hexaconta-
70	Seventy	Seventy	Seventy	Set	Heptaconta-
80	Eighty	Eighty	Eighty	Eit	Octaconta-
90	Ninety	Ninety	Ninety	Nit	Nonaconta-
100	Hundred	Hundred	Hundred	H	Hecto-
1000	Thousand	Thousand	Thousand	K	Kilo-
106	Million	Million	Million	M	Mega-
109	Billion	Milliard	Thousand million	B	Giga-
1012	Trillion	Billion	Billion	Tr	Tera-
1015	Quadrillion	Billiard	Thousand billion	Qa	Peta-
1018	Quintillion	Trillion	Trillion	Qi	Exa-
1021	Sextillion	Trilliard	Thousand trillion	Sx	Zetta-
1024	Septillion	Quadrillion	Quadrillion	Sp	Yotta-
1027	Octillion	Quadrilliard	Thousand quadrillion	Oc	Ronna-
1030	Nonillion	Quintillion	Quintillion	No	Quetta-
1033	Decillion	Quintilliard	Thousand quintillion	Dc	Vunda-
1036	Undecillion	Sextillion	Sextillion	Udc	Uda-
1039	Duodecillion	Sextilliard	Thousand sextillion	Ddc	Treda-
1042	Tredecillion	Septillion	Septillion	Trdc	Sorta-
1045	Quattuordecillion	Septilliard	Thousand septillion	Qadc	Rinta-
1048	Quindecillion	Octillion	Octillion	Qidc	Quexa-
1051	Sexdecillion	Octilliard	Thousand octillion	Sxdc	Pepta-
1054	Septendecillion	Nonillion	Nonillion	Spdc	Ocha-
1057	Octodecillion	Nonilliard	Thousand nonillion	Ocdc	Nena-
1060	Novemdecillion	Decillion	Decillion	Nodc	Minga-
1063	Vigintillion	Decilliard	Thousand decillion	Vg	Luma-
1066	Unvigintillion	Undecillion	Undecillion	Uvg	Kama-
1069	Duovigintillion	Undecilliard	Thousand undecillion	Dvg	Jama-
1072	Trevigintillion	Duodecillion	Duodecillion	Trvg	Lantra-
1075	Quattuorvigintillion	Duodecilliard	Thousand duodecillion	Qavg	Hevta-
1078	Quinvigintillion	Tredecillion	Tredecillion	Qivg	Grina-
1081	Sexvigintillion	Tredecilliard	Thousand tredecillion	Sxvg	Ferma-
1084	Septenvigintillion	Quattuordecillion	Quattuordecillion	Spvg	Escha-
1087	Octovigintillion	Quattuordecilliard	Thousand quattuordecillion	Ocvg	Druna-
1090	Novemvigintillion	Quindecillion	Quindecillion	Novg	Certa-
1093	Trigintillion	Quindecilliard	Thousand quindecillion	Tg	Brota-
1096	Untrigintillion	Sexdecillion	Sexdecillion	Utg	Arita-
1099	Duotrigintillion	Sexdecilliard	Thousand sexdecillion	Dtg	Zira-
10100	Googol	Googol	Googol	G	Googoly-
10102	Tretrigintillion	Septendecillion	Septendecillion	Trtg	Yura-
10105	Quattuortrigintillion	Septendecilliard	Thousand septendecillion	Qatg	Roga-
10108	Quintrigintillion	Octodecillion	Octodecillion	Qitg	Quita-
10111	Sextrigintillion	Octodecilliard	Thousand octodecillion	Sxtg	Vepta-
10114	Septentrigintillion	Novemdecillion	Novemdecillion	Sptg	Uta-
10117	Octotrigintillion	Novemdecilliard	Thousand novemdecillion	Octg	Texa-
10120	Novemtrigintillion	Vigintillion	Vigintillion	Notg	Setta-
10123	Quadragintillion	Vigintilliard	Thousand vigintillion	Qd	Rotta-
10126	Unquadragintillion	Unvigintillion	Unvigintillion	Uqd	Quotta-
10129	Duoquadragintillion	Unvigintilliard	Thousand unvigintillion	Dqd	Petta-
10132	Trequadragintillion	Duovigintillion	Duovigintillion	Trqd	Onna-
10135	Quattuorquadragintillion	Duovigintilliard	Thousand duovigintillion	Qaqd	Nenna-
10138	Quinquadragintillion	Trevigintillion	Trevigintillion	Qiqd	Mina-
10141	Sexquadragintillion	Trevigintilliard	Thousand trevigintillion	Sxqd	Luna-
10144	Septenquadragintillion	Quattuorvigintillion	Quattuorvigintillion	Spqd	Kema-
10147	Octoquadragintillion	Quattuorvigintilliard	Thousand quattuorvigintillion	Ocqd	Jretta-
10150	Novemquadragintillion	Quinvigintillion	Quinvigintillion	Noqd	Iqatta-
10153	Quinquagintillion	Quinvigintilliard	Thousand Quinvigintillion	Qt	Huitta-
10156	Unquinquagintillion	Sexvigintillion	Sexvigintillion	Uqt	Gatextta-
10159	Duoquinquagintillion	Sexvigintilliard	Thousand sexvigintillion	Dqt	Feqesa-
10162	Trequinquagintillion	Septenvigintillion	Septenvigintillion	Trqt	Enscenda-
10165	Quattuorquinquagintillion	Septenvigintilliard	Thousand septenvigintillion	Qaqt	Desyta-
10168	Quinquinquagintillion	Octovigintillion	Octovigintillion	Qiqt	Ceanata-
10171	Sexquinquagintillion	Octovigintilliard	Thousand octovigintillion	Sxqt	Bevvgta-
10174	Septenquinquagintillion	Novemvigintillion	Novemvigintillion	Spqt	Avta-
10177	Octoquinquagintillion	Novemvigintilliard	Thousand novemvigintillion	Ocqt	Zeba-
10180	Novemquinquagintillion	Trigintillion	Trigintillion	Noqt	Yoba-
10183	Sexagintillion	Trigintilliard	Thousand Trigintillion	Sg	Ronba-
10186	Unsexagintillion	Untrigintillion	Untrigintillion	Usg	Queba-
10189	Duosexagintillion	Untrigintilliard	Thousand Untrigintillion	Dsg	Vunba-
10192	Tresexagintillion	Duotrigintillion	Duotrigintillion	Trsg	Uba-
10195	Quattuorsexagintillion	Duotrigintilliard	Thousand duotrigintillion	Qasg	Treba-
10198	Quinsexagintillion	Tretrigintillion	Tretrigintillion	Qisg	Sorba-
10201	Sexsexagintillion	Tretrigintilliard	Thousand Tretrigintillion	Sxsg	Rinba-
10204	Septensexagintillion	Quattuortrigintillion	Quattuortrigintillion	Spsg	Quexba-
10207	Octosexagintillion	Quattuortrigintilliard	Thousand quattuortrigintillion	Ocsg	Pepba-
10210	Novemsexagintillion	Quintrigintillion	Quintrigintillion	Nosg	Oba-
10213	Septuagintillion	Quintrigintilliard	Thousand Quintrigintillion	St	Neba-
10216	Unseptuagintillion	Sextrigintillion	Sextrigintillion	Ust	Minba-
10219	Duoseptuagintillion	Sextrigintilliard	Thousand sextrigintillion	Dst	Luba-
10222	Treseptuagintillion	Septentrigintillion	Septentrigintillion	Trst	Kaba-
10225	Quattuorseptuagintillion	Septentrigintilliard	Thousand septentrigintillion	Qast	Jaba-
10228	Quinseptuagintillion	Octotrigintillion	Octotrigintillion	Qist	Lantba-
10231	Sexseptuagintillion	Octotrigintilliard	Thousand octotrigintillion	Sxst	Hevba-
10234	Septenseptuagintillion	Novemtrigintillion	Novemtrigintillion	Spst	Griba-
10237	Octoseptuagintillion	Novemtrigintilliard	Thousand novemtrigintillion	Ocst	Freba-
10240	Novemseptuagintillion	Quadragintillion	Quadragintillion	Nost	Esba-
10243	Octogintillion	Quadragintilliard	Thousand quadragintillion	Og	Druba-
10246	Unoctogintillion	Unquadragintillion	Unquadragintillion	Uog	Cerba-
10249	Duooctogintillion	Unquadragintilliard	Thousand unquadragintillion	Dog	Broba-
10252	Treoctogintillion	Duoquadragintillion	Duoquadragintillion	Trog	Ariba-
10255	Quattuoroctogintillion	Duoquadragintilliard	Thousand duoquadragintillion	Qaog	Alpha-
10258	Quinoctogintillion	Trequadragintillion	Trequadragintillion	Qiog	Beta-
10261	Sexoctogintillion	Trequadragintilliard	Thousand trequadragintillion	Sxog	Meta-
10264	Septenoctogintillion	Quattuorquadragintillion	Quattuorquadragintillion	Spog	Ronkta-
10267	Octooctogintillion	Quattuorquadragintilliard	Thousand quattuorquadragintillion	Ocog	Quecca-
10270	Novemoctogintillion	Quinquadragintillion	Quinquadragintillion	Noog	Perca-
10273	Nonagintillion	Quinquadragintilliard	Thousand quinquadragintillion	Ng	Hangntta-
10276	Unnonagintillion	Sexquadragintillion	Sexquadragintillion	Ung	Ynadgffiga-
10279	Duononagintillion	Sexquadragintilliard	Thousand sexquadragintillion	Dng	Edfusda-
10282	Trenonagintillion	Septenquadragintillion	Septenquadragintillion	Trng	Xesdoa-
10285	Quattuornonagintillion	Septenquadragintilliard	Thousand septenquadragintillion	Qang	Deseria-
10288	Quinnonagintillion	Octoquadragintillion	Octoquadragintillion	Qing	Shavia-
10291	Sexnonagintillion	Octoquadragintilliard	Thousand octoquadragintillion	Sxng	Osmana-
10294	Septennonagintillion	Novemquadragintillion	Novemquadragintillion	Spng	Cypria-
10297	Octononagintillion	Novemquadragintilliard	Thousand novemquadragintillion	Ocng	Phoenia-
10300	Novemnonagintillion	Quinquagintillion	Quinquagintillion	Nong	Kharosha-
10303	Centillion	Quinquagintilliard	Thousand quinquagintillion	Ce	Centa-
10306	Uncentillion	Unquinquagintillion	Unquinquagintillion	UCe	Uncenta
10309	Duocentillion	Unquinquagintilliard	Thousand unquinquagintillion	DCe	Duocenta-
103,003	Millinillion	Quingentilliard	Thousand quingentillion	Mn	Milla-
103,006	Millimillion	Unquingentillion	Unquingentillion	MnM	Millamega-
103,009	Millibillion	Unquingentilliard	Thousand Unquingentillion	MnB	Millagiga-
103,093	Millitrigintillion	Quindeciquingentilliard	Thousand Quindeciquingentillion	MnTg	Millabrota-
103,096	Milliuntrigintillion	Sexdeciquingentillion	Sexdeciquingentillion	MnUtg	Millaarita-
103,099	Milliduotrigintillion	Sexdeciquingentilliard	Thousand Sexdeciquingentillion	MnDtg	Millazira-
103,102	Millitretrigintillion	Septendeciquingentillion	Septendeciquingentillion	MnTrtg	Millayura-
103,303	Millicentillion	Quinquagintaquingentilliard	Thousand Quinquagintaquingentillion	MnCe	Millacenta-
103,000,003	Micrillion	Quinquagintillinilliard	Thousand Quinquagintillinillion	Mcr	Magna-
103,000,000,003	Nanillion	Quinquagintimicrilliard	Thousand Quinquagintimicrillion	NaN	Nanoila-
1010100	Googolplex	Googolplex	Googolplex	Gp	Googolplexo-
10101034	Skewes' Number	Skewes' Number	Skewes' Number	Sk'N	Skewesiy-
101010100	Googolduplex	Googolduplex	Googolduplex	Gdp	Googolduplexo-
1010101,264	Skewer's Number	Skewer's Number	Skewer's Number	Skr'N	Skeweriy-
1010101,656	Skewere's Number	Skewere's Number	Skewere's Number	Skre'N	Skewereiy-
10101010100	Googoltriplex	Googoltriplex	Googoltriplex	Gtp	Googoltriplexo-
E100#11	Googoldecaplex	Googoldecaplex	Googoldecaplex	Gdap	Googoldecaplexo-
10↑↑100	Giggol	Giggol	Giggol	Gg	Giggoly-
E100#101	Googolhectoplex	Googolhectoplex	Googolhectoplex	Ghp	Googolhectoplexo-
E100#1,001	Googolkiloplex	Googolkiloplex	Googolkiloplex	Gkp	Googolkiloplexo-
10↑↑10,000	Giggoltoll	Giggoltoll	Giggoltoll	Ggt	Giggoltolly-
E100#1,000,001	Googolmegaplex	Googolmegaplex	Googolmegaplex	GMp	Googolmegaplexo-
E100#1,000,000,001	Googolgigaplex	Googolgigaplex	Googolgigaplex	GGp	Googolgigaplexo-
10↑↑10100	Googolstack	Googolstack	Googolstack	Gs	Googolstacki-
10↑↑10↑↑100	Giggolplex	Giggolplex	Giggolplex	Ggp	Giggolplexo-
10↑↑↑100	Gaggol	Gaggol	Gaggol	Gao	Gaggoly-
10↑↑↑10,000	Gaggoltoll	Gaggoltoll	Gaggoltoll	Gaot	Gaggoltolly-
10↑↑↑↑100	Geegol	Geegol	Geegol	Geg	Geegoly-
10↑↑↑↑↑100	Gigol	Gigol	Gigol	Gi	Gigoly-
10{100}100 or {10,100,100}	Boogol	Boogol	Boogol	Bg	Boogoly-
G64	Graham's Number			Grh'N
{10,100,1(1)2}	Goobol			Gb	Gooboly-
G(264)	Brabam's number			Brh’N
G(10100)	Graham's googol			Grh'G
{10,100,2(1)2}	Gibbol			Gbb	Gibboly-
{10,100,3(1)2}	Gabbol			Gab	Gabboly-
{10,100,4(1)2}	Geebol			Geb	Geeboly-
{10,100,5(1)2}	Gibol			Gib	Giboly-
{10,100,100(1)2}	Boobol			Bb	Booboly-
TREE(4)	Tree Sequence			Tarb
SSCG(4)	Simple Subcubic Graph Number			Sp Sbc G N
SCG(13)	Subcubic Graph Number			Scb G N
Tar(3)	Tritar			Trt
F(2)	Y Sequence Number			Y Sqc N
200?	Bigg			Big	Biggus-
Rayo(10100)	Rayo's Number			Ry'N	Ramis-
σ	Finity			Fn	Belio-
∞	Infinity			Inf	Apeiro-
ω	Omega			Omg	Omegus-
ℵ	Aleph			Alf	Aleftus-
N or 2ℵ	Continuum Hypothesis Cardinal			Ctu Hpt Cd	Nugo-
ℶ1	Beth One			Bt O	Beth uno-
ℶ2	Beth Two			Bt Tw	Beth du-
ℶω	Beth Omega			Bt omg	Beth omegus-
I	Inaccessible Cardinal			Inc Cd	Intatus-
M	Mahlo Cardinal			Ml Cd	Malius-
K	Weakly Compact Cardinal			We Cop Cd	Wekus-
Π	Indescribable Cardinal			Indcb Cd	Intis-
Iℵ	Rank-Into-Rank Cardinal			Rnk In Rnk Cd	Indefy-
ա	Absolute Limit			Ab lmt	Aybia-
Ω	Absolute Infinity			Ab Inf	Tavia-

Beyond Absolute Infinity

ALL "&"s

Number	What is the number	Unit	level
&1	1x more than Ω	A.Aa1	Omega
&10	10x more than Ω	B.Aa1	Omega
&100	100x more than Ω	C.Aa1	Omega
&999	999x more than Ω	C.Aa9.99	Omega
&1000	1000x more than Ω	D.Aa1	Omega

This is a framework organized from 0 to &100.

The number TREE 4 and SSCG 3-5 is so incomprehensibly big it dwarfs every other number compared to it, far surpassing even exponential growth or the number of atoms in the known universe. It originates from a mathematical game about arranging trees (graph structures) under specific rules, where the challenge is to avoid repeating any previously created tree patterns.

Other websites

• Pointless Big Numbers
• Counting Really,REALLY,REALLY High
• Naming Large Numbers Archived 2022-08-11 at the Wayback Machine