Names of large numbers

There are two main ways of using words to write large numbers. The American way or "short form" for naming large numbers is different from the European way or "long form" of naming large numbers. This is mainly because of American finance.

Short form numbering is based on thousands and Long form is based on millions. Because of this, in Short form a billion is one thousand millions (10⁹) while in Long form it is one million millions (10¹²).

The change in the United Kingdom (UK) to short-form numbering happened in 1973. Today, Short form is most commonly used in most English speaking countries.

History

Prehistory

Numbers were first used by prehistoric tribes. Those prehistoric tribes invented numbers as a way to measure and calculate items, something which required counting. More advanced prehistoric tribes later invented mathematics and they started adding, subtracting, and multiplying as a way to measure and calculate more advanced and complex items and certain fields.

Bronze Age

Large numbers were first used by ancient civilizations such as Sumer, Ancient Egypt, Akkad, Babylonia, the Hittite Empire, Rome, and Greece, for measuring and calculating items. As civilizations grew more complex, numbers did as well.

Renaissance

The words billion and trillion, and millions were first written to describe extremely large numbers in 1475 by Jehan Adam. In 1484, Nicolas Chuquet used the words million, billion, trillion, and even further to write and describe much larger numbers. Adam and Chuquet both used long scale. For example, Adam's billion (Chuquet's (bi)llion) was used to write 10¹². While these were the first writings that used these words, Adam and Chuquet were probably not the creators of the words. The word million comes from the Old Italian millione. These words were also probably commonly used before the books were written.

Names for small and large numbers

Scientific notation	American name (Short Scale)	Old European name (Long Scale)	Old-British name	Acronyms	SI Symbol	Metric prefix
0	Zero	Zero	Zero	Z	o	Ouny-
10-3,000,000,003	Nanillionth	Quinquagintimicrilliardth	Thousand Quinquagintimicrillionth	Nnit	nai	Nanoilo-
10-3,000,003	Micrillionth	Quingentillinilliardth	Thousandth Quingentillinillionth	Mct	mgn	Magno-
10-3,003	Millinillionth	Quingentilliardth	Thousandth Quingentillionth	Mnt	mo	Millo-
10-303	Centillionth	Quinquagintilliardth	Thousandth Quinquagintillionth	Cet	Cet	Cento-
10-108	Quintrigintillionth	Octodecillionth	Octodecillionth	Qitgt	wx	Wixo-
10-105	Quattourtrigintillionth	Septendecilliard	Thousand septendecillion	Qatgt	xg	Xego-
10-102	Tretrigintillionth	Septendecillionth	Septendecillionth	Ttgt	yr	Yuro-
10-99	Duotrigintillionth	Sexdecilliardth	Thousand sexdecillionth	Dtgt	zr	Ziro-
10-96	Untrigintillionth	Sexdecillionth	Sexdecillionth	Utgt	at	Arito-
10-93	Trigintillionth	Quindecilliard	Thousand quindecillionth	Tgt	bt	Broto-
10-90	Novemvigintillionth	Quindecillionth	Quindecillionth	Novgt	crt	Cerito-
10-87	Octovigintillionth	Quattuordecilliardth	Thousand quattuordecillionth	Ocvgt	dst	Deseto-
10-84	Septenvigintillionth	Quattuordecillionth	Quattuordecillionth	Spvgt	est	Esto-
10-81	Sexvigintillionth	Tredecilliardth	Thousand tredecillionth	Sxvgt	fkt	Fekato-
10-78	Quinvigintillionth	Tredecillionth	Tredecillionth	Qivgt	grt	Groto-
10-75	Quattuorvigintillionth	Duodecilliardth	Thousand duodecillionth	Qavgt	hem	Hemmo-
10-72	Trevigintillionth	Duodecillionth	Duodecillionth	Tvgt	int	Into-
10-69	Duovigintillionth	Undecilliardth	Thousand undecillionth	Dvgt	jt	Jeto-
10-66	Unvigintillionth	Undecillionth	Undecillionth	Uvgt	kr	Kentro-
10-63	Vigintillionth	Decilliardth	Thousand decillionth	Vgt	lt	Lunto-
10-60	Novemdecillionth	Decillionth	Decillionth	Nodct	mt	Mikto-
10-57	Octodecillionth	Nonilliardth	Thousand nonillionth	Ocdct	nt	Nekto-
10-54	Septendecillionth	Nonillionth	Nonillionth	Spdct	or	Otro-
10-51	Sexdecillionth	Octilliardth	Thousand octillionth	Sxdct	pt	Pekto-
10-48	Quindecillionth	Octillionth	Octillionth	Qidct	qx	Quexo-
10-45	Quattuordecillionth	Septilliardth	Thousand septillionth	Qadct	ri	Rinto-
10-42	Tredecillionth	Septillionth	Septillionth	Tdct	st	Sorto-
10-39	Duodecillionth	Sextilliardth	Thousand sextillionth	Ddct	tt	Trekto-
10-36	Undecillionth	Sextillionth	Sextillionth	Udct	ut	Unto-
10-33	Decillionth	Quintilliardth	Thousand quintillionth	Dct	vt	Vunto-
10-30	Nonillionth	Quintillionth	Quintillionth	Not	qt	Quecto-
10-27	Octillionth	Quadrilliardth	Thousand quadrillionth	Oct	rt	Ronto-
10-24	Septillionth	Quadrillionth	Quadrillionth	Spt	y	Yocto-
10-21	Sextillionth	Trilliardth	Thousand trillionth	Sxt	z	Zepto-
10-18	Quintillionth	Trillionth	Trillionth	Qit	a	Atto-
10-15	Quadrillionth	Billiardth	Thousand billionth	Qat	f	Femto-
10-12	Trillionth	Billionth	Billionth	Tt	p	Pico-
10-9	Billionth	Milliardth	Thousand millionth	Bt	n	Nano-
10-6	Millionth	Millionth	Millionth	Mt	μ	Micro-
10-3	Thousandth	Thousandth	Thousandth	Kt	m	Milli-
0.01	Hundredth	Hundredth	Hundredth	Ht	c	Centi-
0.1	Tenth	Tenth	Tenth	Tt	d	Deci-
is small numbers(↑) is large numbers(↓)
100	One	One	One	O		-
1.4142135623...	Pytagoras Constact			Ptg Ctc
3.1415926535...	Pi			P
3.4	Hypothetical Pi			Hpt P
101	Ten	Ten	Ten	D	da	Deca-
102	Hundred	Hundred	Hundred	H	h	Hecto-
103	Thousand	Thousand	Thousand	K	k	Kilo-
106	Million	Million	Million	M	M	Mega-
109	Billion	Milliard	Thousand million	B	G	Giga-
1012	Trillion	Billion	Billion	T	T	Tera-
1015	Quadrillion	Billiard	Thousand billion	Qa	P	Peta-
1018	Quintillion	Trillion	Trillion	Qi	E	Exa-
1021	Sextillion	Trilliard	Thousand trillion	Sx	Z	Zetta-
1024	Septillion	Quadrillion	Quadrillion	Sp	Y	Yotta-
1027	Octillion	Quadrilliard	Thousand quadrillion	Oc	Xn	Ronna-
1030	Nonillion	Quintillion	Quintillion	No	Wk	Quetta-
1033	Decillion	Quintilliard	Thousand quintillion	Dc	Vd	Vunda-
1036	Undecillion	Sextillion	Sextillion	Udc	Ud	Uda-
1039	Duodecillion	Sextilliard	Thousand sextillion	Ddc	Td	Treda-
1042	Tredecillion	Septillion	Septillion	Tdc	St	Sorta-
1045	Quattuordecillion	Septilliard	Thousand septillion	Qadc	Rt	Rinta-
1048	Quindecillion	Octillion	Octillion	Qidc	Qx	Quexa-
1051	Sexdecillion	Octilliard	Thousand octillion	Sxdc	Pp	Pepta-
1054	Septendecillion	Nonillion	Nonillion	Spdc	Oc	Ocha-
1057	Octodecillion	Nonilliard	Thousand nonillion	Ocdc	Nn	Nena-
1060	Novemdecillion	Decillion	Decillion	Nodc	Mg	Minga-
1063	Vigintillion	Decilliard	Thousand decillion	Vg	Lm	Luma-
1066	Unvigintillion	Undecillion	Undecillion	Uvg	Km	Kama-
1069	Duovigintillion	Undecilliard	Thousand undecillion	Dvg	Jm	Jama-
1072	Trevigintillion	Duodecillion	Duodecillion	Tvg	Iak	Ianka-
1075	Quattuorvigintillion	Duodecilliard	Thousand duodecillion	Qavg	Hvt	Hevta-
1078	Quinvigintillion	Tredecillion	Tredecillion	Qivg	Grn	Grina-
1081	Sexvigintillion	Tredecilliard	Thousand tredecillion	Sxvg	Frm	Ferma-
1084	Septenvigintillion	Quattuordecillion	Quattuordecillion	Spvg	Ekc	Ekcha-
1087	Octovigintillion	Quattuordecilliard	Thousand quattuordecillion	Ocvg	Drn	Druna-
1090	Novemvigintillion	Quindecillion	Quindecillion	Novg	Cer	Cera-
1093	Trigintillion	Quindecilliard	Thousand quindecillion	Tg	Bt	Brota-
1096	Untrigintillion	Sexdecillion	Sexdecillion	Utg	At	Arita-
1099	Duotrigintillion	Sexdecilliard	Thousand sexdecillion	Dtg	Zr	Zira-
10100	Googol	Googol	Googol	G	Ggl	Googoly-
10102	Tretrigintillion	Septendecillion	Septendecillion	Ttg	Ya	Yura-
10105	Quattuortrigintillion	Septendecilliard	Thousand septendecillion	Qatg	Xg	Xega-
10108	Quintrigintillion	Octodecillion	Octodecillion	Qitg	Wx	Wixa-
10111	Sextrigintillion	Octodecilliard	Thousand octodecillion	Sxtg	Vt	Vepta-
10114	Septentrigintillion	Novemdecillion	Novemdecillion	Sptg	Ut	Uta-
10117	Octotrigintillion	Novemdecilliard	Thousand novemdecillion	Octg	Tx	Texa-
10120	Novemtrigintillion	Vigintillion	Vigintillion	Notg	Set	Setta-
10123	Quadragintillion	Vigintilliard	Thousand vigintillion	Qd	Rot	Rotta-
10126	Unquadragintillion	Unvigintillion	Unvigintillion	Uqd	Qut	Quotta-
10129	Duoquadragintillion	Unvigintilliard	Thousand unvigintillion	Dqd	Pet	Petta-
10132	Trequadragintillion	Duovigintillion	Duovigintillion	Tqd	Onn	Onna-
10135	Quattuorquadragintillion	Duovigintilliard	Thousand duovigintillion	Qaqd	Nen	Nenna-
10138	Quinquadragintillion	Trevigintillion	Trevigintillion	Qiqd	Mn	Mina-
10141	Sexquadragintillion	Trevigintilliard	Thousand trevigintillion	Sxqd	Lk	Lika-
10144	Septenquadragintillion	Quattuorvigintillion	Quattuorvigintillion	Spqd	Km	Kema-
10147	Octoquadragintillion	Quattuorvigintilliard	Thousand quattuorvigintillion	Ocqd	Jrt	Jretta-
10150	Novemquadragintillion	Quinvigintillion	Quinvigintillion	Noqd	Iqt	Iqatta-
10153	Quinquagintillion	Quinvigintilliard	Thousand Quinvigintillion	Qt	Hit	Huitta-
10156	Unquinquagintillion	Sexvigintillion	Sexvigintillion	Uqt	Gtt	Gatextta-
10159	Duoquinquagintillion	Sexvigintilliard	Thousand sexvigintillion	Dqt	Fqs	Feqesa-
10162	Trequinquagintillion	Septenvigintillion	Septenvigintillion	Tqt	Ecd	Enscenda-
10165	Quattuorquinquagintillion	Septenvigintilliard	Thousand septenvigintillion	Qaqt	Dst	Desyta-
10168	Quinquinquagintillion	Octovigintillion	Octovigintillion	Qiqt	Cnt	Ceanata-
10171	Sexquinquagintillion	Octovigintilliard	Thousand octovigintillion	Sxqt	Bvg	Bevvgta-
10174	Septenquinquagintillion	Novemvigintillion	Novemvigintillion	Spqt	Avt	Avta-
10177	Octoquinquagintillion	Novemvigintilliard	Thousand novemvigintillion	Ocqt	Zb	Zeba-
10180	Novemquinquagintillion	Trigintillion	Trigintillion	Noqt	Yb	Yoba-
10183	Sexagintillion	Trigintilliard	Thousand Trigintillion	Sg	Rb	Ronba-
10186	Unsexagintillion	Untrigintillion	Untrigintillion	Usg	Qb	Quecba-
10189	Duosexagintillion	Untrigintilliard	Thousand Untrigintillion	Dsg	Vb	Vunba-
10192	Tresexagintillion	Duotrigintillion	Duotrigintillion	Tsg	Ub	Uba-
10195	Quattuorsexagintillion	Duotrigintilliard	Thousand duotrigintillion	Qasg	Tb	Treba-
10198	Quinsexagintillion	Tretrigintillion	Tretrigintillion	Qisg	Sb	Sorba-
10201	Sexsexagintillion	Tretrigintilliard	Thousand Tretrigintillion	Sxsg	Rb	Rinba-
10204	Septensexagintillion	Quattuortrigintillion	Quattuortrigintillion	Spsg	Qb	Queba-
10207	Octosexagintillion	Quattuortrigintilliard	Thousand quattuortrigintillion	Ocsg	Pb	Pepba-
10210	Novemsexagintillion	Quintrigintillion	Quintrigintillion	Nosg	Ob	Ocba-
10213	Septuagintillion	Quintrigintilliard	Thousand Quintrigintillion	St	Nb	Neba-
10216	Unseptuagintillion	Sextrigintillion	Sextrigintillion	Ust	Mb	Minba-
10219	Duoseptuagintillion	Sextrigintilliard	Thousand sextrigintillion	Dst	Lb	Luba-
10222	Treseptuagintillion	Septentrigintillion	Septentrigintillion	Tst	Kb	Kaba-
10225	Quattuorseptuagintillion	Septentrigintilliard	Thousand septentrigintillion	Qast	Jb	Jaba-
10228	Quinseptuagintillion	Octotrigintillion	Octotrigintillion	Qist	Iab	Ianba-
10231	Sexseptuagintillion	Octotrigintilliard	Thousand octotrigintillion	Sxst	Hvb	Hevba-
10234	Septenseptuagintillion	Novemtrigintillion	Novemtrigintillion	Spst	Grb	Griba-
10237	Octoseptuagintillion	Novemtrigintilliard	Thousand novemtrigintillion	Ocst	Frb	Freba-
10240	Novemseptuagintillion	Quadragintillion	Quadragintillion	Nost	Ecb	Ecba-
10243	Octogintillion	Quadragintilliard	Thousand quadragintillion	Og	Drb	Druba-
10246	Unoctogintillion	Unquadragintillion	Unquadragintillion	Uog	Ceb	Ceba-
10249	Duooctogintillion	Unquadragintilliard	Thousand unquadragintillion	Dog	Bb	Broba-
10252	Treoctogintillion	Duoquadragintillion	Duoquadragintillion	Tog	Ab	Ariba-
10255	Quattuoroctogintillion	Duoquadragintilliard	Thousand duoquadragintillion	Qaog	Ap	Alpha-
10258	Quinoctogintillion	Trequadragintillion	Trequadragintillion	Qiog	Bt	Beta-
10261	Sexoctogintillion	Trequadragintilliard	Thousand trequadragintillion	Sxog	Mt	Meta-
10264	Septenoctogintillion	Quattuorquadragintillion	Quattuorquadragintillion	Spog	Rk	Ronkna-
10267	Octooctogintillion	Quattuorquadragintilliard	Thousand quattuorquadragintillion	Ocog	Qc	Quecca-
10270	Novemoctogintillion	Quinquadragintillion	Quinquadragintillion	Noog	Prc	Perca-
10273	Nonagintillion	Quinquadragintilliard	Thousand quinquadragintillion	Ng	Hnt	Hangntta-
10276	Unnonagintillion	Sexquadragintillion	Sexquadragintillion	Ung	Ydf	Ynadgffiga-
10279	Duononagintillion	Sexquadragintilliard	Thousand sexquadragintillion	Dng	Efd	Edfusda-
10282	Trenonagintillion	Septenquadragintillion	Septenquadragintillion	Tng	Xsd	Xesdoa-
10285	Quattuornonagintillion	Septenquadragintilliard	Thousand septenquadragintillion	Qang	Dsr	Deseria-
10288	Quinnonagintillion	Octoquadragintillion	Octoquadragintillion	Qing	Shv	Shavia-
10291	Sexnonagintillion	Octoquadragintilliard	Thousand octoquadragintillion	Sxng	Omn	Osmana-
10294	Septennonagintillion	Novemquadragintillion	Novemquadragintillion	Spng	Cpr	Cypria-
10297	Octononagintillion	Novemquadragintilliard	Thousand novemquadragintillion	Ocng	Phen	Phoenia-
10300	Novemnonagintillion	Quinquagintillion	Quinquagintillion	Nong	Krsh	Kharosha-
10303	Centillion	Quinquagintilliard	Thousand quinquagintillion	Ce	Cet	Centa-
10306	Uncentillion	Unquinquagintillion	Unquinquagintillion	UCe	UCet	Uncenta-
10309	Duocentillion	Unquinquagintilliard	Thousand unquinquagintillion	DCe	DCet	Duocenta-
103,003	Millinillion	Quingentilliard	Thousand quingentillion	Mn	Ma	Milla-
103,006	Millimillion	Unquingentillion	Unquingentillion	MnM	MaM	Millamega-
103,009	Millibillion	Unquingentilliard	Thousand Unquingentillion	MnB	MaG	Millagiga-
103,093	Millitrigintillion	Quindeciquingentilliard	Thousand Quindeciquingentillion	MnTg	MaBt	Millabrota
103,096	Milliuntrigintillion	Sexdeciquingentillion	Sexdeciquingentillion	MnUtg	MaAt	Millaarita
103,099	Milliduotrigintillion	Sexdeciquingentilliard	Thousand Sexdeciquingentillion	MnDtg	MaZr	Millazira-
103,102	Millitretrigintillion	Septendeciquingentillion	Septendeciquingentillion	MnTtg	MaYr	Millayura-
103,105	Milliquattourtrigintillion	Septendeciquingentilliard	Thousand Septendeciquingentillion	MnQatg	MaXg	Millaxega-
103,108	Milliquintrigintillion	Octodeciquingentillion	Octodeciquingentillion	MnQitg	MaWx	Millawixa-
103,303	Millicentillion	Quinquagintaquingentilliard	Thousand Quinquagintaquingentillion	MnCe	MaCet	Millacenta-
103,000,003	Micrillion	Quinquagintillinilliard	Thousand Quinquagintillinillion	Mcr	Mgn	Magna-
103,000,000,003	Nanillion	Quinquagintimicrilliard	Thousand Quinquagintimicrillion	NaN	Nni	Nanoila-
1010100	Googolplex	Googolplex	Googolplex	Gp	Ggpx	Googolplexo-
10101034	Skewes' Number	Skewes' Number	Skewes' Number	Sk'N	Skr	Skewesiy-
101010100	Googolduplex	Googolduplex	Googolduplex	Gdp	Ggdpx	Googolduplexo-
1010101,264	Skewer's Number	Skewer's Number	Skewer's Number	Skr'N	Skrs	Skeweriy-
1010101,656	Skewere's Number	Skewere's Number	Skewere's Number	Skre'N	Skrsr	Skewereiy-
10101010100	Googoltriplex	Googoltriplex	Googoltriplex	Gtp	Ggtpx	Googoltriplexo-
E100#11	Googoldecaplex	Googoldecaplex	Googoldecaplex	Gdap	Ggdapx	Googoldecaplexo-
10↑↑100	Giggol	Giggol	Giggol	Gg	Gggl	Giggoly-
E100#101	Googolhectoplex	Googolhectoplex	Googolhectoplex	Ghp	Ghpx	Googolhectoplexo-
E100#1,001	Googolmilliplex	Googolmilliplex	Googolmilliplex	Gmlp	Ggmlx	Googolmilliplexo-
10↑↑10,000	Giggoltoll	Giggoltoll	Giggoltoll	Ggt	Gggtl	Giggoltolly-
E100#1,000,001	Googolmegaplex	Googolmegaplex	Googolmegaplex	GMp	Ggmgx	Googolmegaplexo-
E100#1,000,000,001	Googolgigaplex	Googolgigaplex	Googolgigaplex	GGp	Gggpx	Googolgigaplexo-
10↑↑10100	Googolstack	Googolstack	Googolstack	Gs	Ggsk	Googolstacki-
10↑↑↑100	Gaggol			Gao	Gagl	Gaggoly-
10↑↑↑10,000	Gaggoltoll			Gaot	Gagtl	Gaggoltolly-
10↑↑↑↑100	Geegol			Geg	Gegl	Geegoly-
10↑↑↑↑↑100	Gigol			Gi	Gigl	Gigoly-
10{100}100 or {10,100,100}	Boogol			Bg	Bgl	Boogoly-
10{10{100}100}100 or {10,10,100,100}	Troogol			Tg	Tgl	Troogoly-
G64	Graham's Number			Grh'N
{10,100,1(1)2}	Goobol			Gb	Gbl	Gooboly-
G(264)	Braham's Number			Brh’N
G(10100)	Graham's Googol			Grh'G
{10,100,2(1)2}	Gibbol			Gbb	Gbbl	Gibboly-
{10,100,3(1)2}	Gabbol			Gab	Gabl	Gabboly-
{10,100,4(1)2}	Geebol			Geb	Getl	Geeboly-
{10,100,5(1)2}	Gibol			Gib	Gisl	Giboly-
{10,100,100(1)2}	Boobol			Bb	Bbl	Booboly-
{10,10,100,100(1)2}	Troobol			Tb	Tbl	Trooboly-
TREE(4)	Tree Sequence			Tarb
SSCG(4)	Simple Subcubic Graph Number			Sp Sbc G N
SCG(13)	Subcubic Graph Number			Scb G N
Tar(3)	Tritar			Trt
F(2)	Y Sequence Number			Y Sqc N
200?	Bigg			Big	Big	Biggus-
Σ(1,919)	Busy Beaver Based			Het
Rayo(10100)	Rayo's Number			Ry'N
∞	Infinity			Inf	Ap	Aperio-
ω	Omega			Omg	Omg	Omegus-
ℵ	Aleph			Alf	Alp	Aleftus-
2ℵ	Continuum Hypothesis Cardinal			Ctu Hpt Cd
ℶ1	Beth One			Bt o	Bt u	Beth uno-
ℶ2	Beth Two			Bt t	Bt d	Beth du-
ℶω	Beth Omega			Bt omg	Bt omg	Beth omegus-
I	Inaccessible Cardinal			Inc Cd
M	Mahlo Cardinal			Ml Cd
K	Weakly Compact Cardinal			We Cop Cd
ա	Absolute Limit			Ab lmt	Ayb	Aybia-
Ω	Absolute Infinity			Ab Inf	Tav	Tavia-

Beyond Absolute Infinity

ALL "&"s

Number	What is the number	Unit	level
&1	1x more than Ω	A.Aa1	Omega
&10	10x more than Ω	B.Aa1	Omega
&100	100x more than Ω	C.Aa1	Omega
&999	999x more than Ω	C.Aa9.99	Omega
&1000	1000x more than Ω	D.Aa1	Omega

This is a framework organized from 0 to &100.

The number TREE 3 and SSCG 3-5 is so incomprehensibly big it dwarfs every other number compared to it, far surpassing even exponential growth or the number of atoms in the known universe. It originates from a mathematical game about arranging trees (graph structures) under specific rules, where the challenge is to avoid repeating any previously created tree patterns.

Other websites

• Pointless Big Numbers
• Counting Really,REALLY,REALLY High
• Naming Large Numbers Archived 2022-08-11 at the Wayback Machine