Later Parhae
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2016) |
Later Parhae 後渤海 후발해 | |||||||||
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| 928–935 | |||||||||
| Capital | Holhan | ||||||||
| Common languages | Parhae language | ||||||||
| Religion | Parhae Buddhism, Parhae Confucianism, Parhae Taoism, Parhae shamanism | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Establishment | 928 | ||||||||
• Fall | 935 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | China North Korea | ||||||||
| Later Parhae | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 后渤海 | ||||||||
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| Korean name | |||||||||
| Hangul | 후발해 | ||||||||
| Hanja | 後渤海 | ||||||||
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| History of Korea |
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| Timeline |
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| History of Manchuria |
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Later Parhae or Later Bohai (928–935) was a state hypothesized to have existed in Manchuria. It emerged after Parhae (Bohai) was destroyed by the Liao dynasty. Later Parhae is considered by some to be the first of several successor states to Parhae after its fall to the Liao dynasty in 926.
The existence of Later Parhae was first proposed by Japanese scholar Hino Kaizaburo in 1943 and subsequently supported by some South Korean scholars. Outside of South Korea, "Later Parhae" is usually understood as a name for the kingdom of Dongdan or other polities on the former territory of Parhae.[1][2][3]
History
[edit]In 926, Parhae was annexed by the Khitan-led Liao dynasty, incorporated into the Liao vassal Dongdan Kingdom. The conquered people of Parhae immediately began rebelling against the Liao dynasty. Starting in 927, the Khitans had begun to hunt down and execute all members of the royal family in order to destroy any chance of a new ruler to take the throne. However, several members of the royal family survived. Among them were Crown Prince Dae Gwang-hyeon. The Crown Prince took Parhae refugees, mostly former Goguryeo people, and escaped down to their southern neighbor, Goryeo, where the newly-risen King Taejo of Goryeo accepted them with generosity.[1]
In 928, the Liao dynasty moved the Dongdan capital to Liaoyang and relocated the Parhae remnants. As Dongdan retreated, the Dae clan then united the western Amnok River resistance groups and established Later Parhae at the old capital Holhan.[1] Later, general Yeol Manhwa took control in a coup and established Chŏngan (Ding'an) in 935.[4]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c 日野 開三郎 (1943). "後渤海の建國 (昭和十八年十月十二日報告)". Teikoku Gakushiin Kiji. 2 (3). 九州帝國大學: 473–522. doi:10.2183/tja1942.2.473.
- ^ "История государства Бохай (по материалам исследований южнокорейских учёных)" [History of Bohai State] (PDF) (in Russian).
- ^ Crossley, Pamela Kyle (2016). "Bohai/Parhae Identity and the Coherence of Dan gur under the Kitan/Liao Empire". International Journal of Korean History. 21 (1): 11-44. doi:10.22372/ijkh.2016.21.1.11.
- ^ 苗威 (2011). "定安国考论". 中国边疆史地研究. 21 (2): 110–118.
External links
[edit]- "Всемирная история: в 6 томах. Том 2: Средневековые цивилизации Запада и Востока". Разделы. 2010-09-12. Retrieved 2019-01-04.