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Index generum operarum

E Vicipaedia
Foire St Germain Lutetiae circa 1763, post conflagrationem anni 1762.
Theatrum Nicolet in Foire St Laurent Lutetiae circa 1786. Saeculo duodevicensimo ineunte, Théâtre de la foire Lutetiae—commune theatrorum nomen apud ferias annuas in vicis St Germain, St Laurent, et deinde St Ovide—exsecutiones productum est, musicam et dialogum dictum habens. Hae exsecutiones, primum appellatae comédie en vaudeville, se in opéra comique evolvebant. Théâtre de la foire Londini annis 1720 apparuit, mox ut ballad opera Anglica expressa, quae excogitationem Singspiel Germanicum vicissim excitavit.
Hoc est glossarium inclusivum, varia nomina alterna praebens.

Opera est vocabulum principio Italianum, contractio locutionis opera in musica. Vocabulum merum in litteris criticis quotidianoque sermone est commune, quamquam raro in Italia (et quidem in aliis civitatibus) olim adhibitum est ad designanda separata operarum genera. Plurimi compositores nomina subtilioria adhibuerunt ad palam monstranda eorum artificia. Peculiaria operarum genera a theatris patronisve saepe mandata sunt, dum forma artificii aliquantum a generis normis discreparet. Genera operarum non sunt "exclusiva." Aliquae operae habentur ad nonnulla genera simul pertinere. In casibus dubiis, sola auctoritas ad extremum est compositor ipse.[1]

Definitiones

[recensere | fontem recensere]

Genera operarum variis modis definita sunt, non semper secundum regulas "stylisticas." Aliae, sicut opera seria, ad memorias ab historicis posterioribus agnotas attinent[2]; aliae, sicut Zeitoper, solum a suis inventoribus agniti sunt. Aliae conformationes cum separato theatro consociatae sunt; exempli gratia, opéra comique apud theatrum eiusdem nominis Lutetiae, et opéra bouffe apud Théâtre des Bouffes Parisiens. Excludit hic index vocabula quae non sunt historica, vel sunt incerta aut mere descriptiva, sicut rescue opera,[3] comic opera,[4] sacred opera, tragic opera, one-act opera, etc.

GenusLinguaDescriptioPrimum exemplum notumExempla maioraUltimum exemplum notumCompositores insignesNotae
Acte de balletFrancicaOpéra ballet quae consistit in uno exemplo; saec. 18.Les fêtes de Ramire (1745), Anacréon (1754)Rameau[5]
AfterpieceAnglicaBrevis opera vel pantomima post ludum scaenicum adhibita; saec. 18 & 19 ineunteThe Padlock (1768)Dibdin[5]
Azione sacraItalianaAd verbum, 'actio sacra': opera de re religiosa, in curia Vindobonae producta; saec. 17 & 18 ineunteL'humanità redenta (Draghi, 1669)Draghi, Bertali, Ziani, Pederzuoli, Cesti[5]
Azione sepolcraleItalianaNomen alternum: azione sacra[5]
Azione scenicaItalianaNomen alternum: azione teatraleAl gran sole carico d'amore (1975)[5]
Azione teatraleItalianaOpera parva vel ludus musicus uno in actu; prima operae cameratae forma; saec. 17 exeunte & 18. (Vide etiam festa teatrale, genus simile sed maius.)Le cinesi (1754), Il sogno di Scipione (1772), L'isola disabitata (1779)Gluck, Mozart, Haydn[5]
Ballad operaAnglicaOblectamentum Londini saec. 18 ortum contra operam Italicam. Etiam in Dublin et America Septentrionali popularis, a singspiel et opera saec. 20 mota.The Beggar's Opera (1728)Love in a Village (1762), Hugh the Drover (1924), The Threepenny Opera (1928)Pepusch, Coffey, Arne, Weill[5]
Ballet héroïqueFrancicaAd verbum, 'saltatio heroica': genus opéra ballet quae vehementius dicit res heroicas & exotica, saec. 18 ineunte vel medii.1723 Les festes grecques et romaines (Colin de Blamont, 1723)Zaïde, reine de Grenade (1739), Les fêtes de Paphos (1758)Royer, Mondonville, Mion[5]
BühnenfestspielTheodiscaAd verbum, 'ludus scaenicus ferialis': descriptio Wagner quattour operarum quae in Der Ring des Nibelungen consistuntWagner[5]
BühnenweihfestspielTheodiscaAd verbum, 'consecratus ludus scaenicus ferialis': descriptio Wagner operae ParsifalWagner[5]
BurlaItalianaNomen altternum: burletta[5]
BurlettaItalianaAd verbum, 'ioculus'.The Recruiting Serjeant (1770)Dibdin[5]
Burletta per musicaItalianaNomen alternum: burlettaIl vero originale (Mayr 1808)
BurlettinaItalianaNomen alternum: burletta[5]
CharacterposseTheodiscaForma specialis Posse mit Gesang, dramatis personas vehementius dicens[5]
Comédie en vaudevilleFrancicaOblectamentum in Théâtre de la foire saec. 17 exeunte
Comédie lyriqueFrancicaAd verbum, 'comoedia melica': descriptio saec. 18 adhibitum a Rameau; saec. 19, nomen alternum opéra lyriquePlatée (1745), Les Paladins (1760)Rameau[6]
Comédie mêlée d'ariettesFrancicaAd verbum, 'comoedia ariis brevibus commixta'.La rencontre imprévue (1764), Tom Jones (1765), Le déserteur (1769), Zémire et Azor (1771)Gluck, Grétry
CommediaItalianaCompendium locutionis 'comoedia in musica'Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816)
Commedia in musicaItalianaNomen alternum: opera buffa[7]
Commedia per musicaItalianaNomen alternum: opera buffaLa pastorella nobile (1788)[7]
Componimento da cameraItalianaNomen alternum: azione teatrale[5]
Componimento dramaticoItalianaNomen alternum: azione teatrale[5]
Componimento pastoraleItalianaNomen alternum: azione teatraleLa danza (Gluck, 1755)Gluck[5]
Conte lyriqueFrancicaNomen alternum: opéra lyriqueGrisélidis (Massenet, 1901)[5]
Divertimento giocosoItalianNomen alternum: opera buffa[7]
Dramatic (vel dramatick) operaAnglicaNomen alternum pro semi-opera
Drame forainFrancicaNomen alternum: Comédie en vaudeville[5]
Drame lyriqueFrancicaAd verbum, 'drama melicum'. (1) Nomen saec. 18 adhibitum. (2) Saec. 19 exeunte iterum inventum ad describendam operam quae se ex opéra comique evolvit, a Massenet mota.Echo et Narcisse (1779), La marquise de Brinvilliers (1831), Werther (1892), Briséïs (1897), Messidor (1897)Gluck, Chabrier, Bruneau, Erlanger[5]
Dramma bernescoItalianaNomen alternum: opera buffa[7]
Dramma comicoItalianaNomen alternum: opera buffa saeculorum 18 et 19 ineuntis.[7]
Dramma comico per musicaItalianaNomen alternum: dramma comico
Dramma di sentimentoItalianaNomen alternum: opera semiseria[5]
Dramma eroicomicoItalianaAd verbum, 'drama heroico-comicum', genus operae buffae sawc. 18 exeunte cum nonnullis rebus heroicis.Orlando paladino (1782), Palmira, regina di Persia (1795)Haydn, Salieri[5]
Dramma giocosoItalianaAd verbum, 'drama ioculare'La scuola de' gelosi (1778), La vera costanza (1779), Il viaggio a Reims (1825),Haydn, Mozart, Salieri, Sarti, Rossini, Donizetti[5]
Dramma giocoso per musicaItalianaNomen plenum dramma giocoso
Dramma pastoraleItalianaAd verbum, 'drama pastorale', nomen pro nonnullis operis primis ad saec. 18 adhibitumEumelio (Agazzari, 1606), La fede riconosciuta (A Scarlatti, 1710)A Scarlatti, Sarti[5]
Dramma per musicaItalianaAd verbum, 'drama pro musica', vel 'ludus ut in musica poni intentus' (i.e., libellus). Deinde idem declarans ut opera seria; saec. 19, aliquando pro opera seria adhibitum.Erismena (1656), Tito Manlio (1719), Paride ed Elena (1770), Idomeneo (1781), Rossini's Otello (1816)A Scarlatti, Cavalli, Vivaldi, Sarti, Gluck, Mozart[5]
Dramma semiserioItalianaNomen alternum: opera semiseriaTorvaldo e Dorliska (1815)
Dramma tragicomicoItalianaNomen alternum: opera semiseriaAxur, re d'Ormus (1787)[5]
Entr'acteFrancicaNomen alternum: intermezzo[5]
Episode lyriqueFrancicaNomen alternum:: opéra lyrique[5]
Fait historiqueFrancicaSaec. 18 exeunte et saec. 19 ineunte; opéra vel opéra comique in historia Francica condita, aetate Rerum Novarum Francicarum popularissima.L'incendie du Havre (1786)Joseph Barra (Grétry 1794), Le pont de Lody (Méhul 1797), Miltonius (1804)Grétry, Méhul, Spontini[5] [8]
FarsaItalianaAd verbum, 'mimus'.La cambiale di matrimonio (1810), L'inganno felice (1812), La scala di seta (1812), Il signor Bruschino (1813), Adina (1818)Rossini[9]
FarsettaItalianaNomen alternum: farsa[9]
FeenmärchenTheodiscaNomen alternum: Märchenoper[10]
Festa teatraleItalianaA grander version of the azione teatrale. An opera given as part of a court celebration (of a marriage etc.) Typically associated with Vienna.Il pomo d'oro (Cesti, 1668)Draghi, Fux, Caldara[5]
Geistliche OperTheodiscaAd verbum 'opera sacra'.Das verlorene Paradies (Rubinstein, 1856)Der Thurm zu Babel (1870), Sulamith (1883), Moses (1894)Christus (Rubinstein, 1895)Rubinstein[11]
Género chicoHispanicaAd verbum 'parvum genus'. Genus zarzuelae, zarzuelae grandi brevius et populariusRuperto Chapí
Género grandeHispanicaNomen alternum pro zarzuela grande
Grand opéraFrancica19th-century genre, usually with 4 or 5 acts, large-scale casts and orchestras, and spectacular staging, often based on historical themes. Particularly associated with the Paris Opéra (1820s to c. 1850), but similar works were created in other countries.1828 La muette de Portici (1828)Robert le diable (1831), La Juive (1835), Les Huguenots (1836)1886 Patrie! (Paladilhe, 1886)Meyerbeer, Halévy, Verdi
HandlungGermanAd verbum, 'actio' vel 'drama'; descriptio Wagner Tristan und Isolde.Wagner
IntermezzoItalianaComic relief inserted between acts of opere serie in the early 18th century, typically involving slapstick, disguises etc. Spread throughout Europe In the 1730s. Predated Opera buffa.1706 Frappolone e Florinetta (Gasparini?, 1706)La serva padrona (1733)Pergolesi, Hasse[12]
LiederspielTheodiscaLiterally 'song-play'. Early 19th century genre in which existing lyrics, often well-known, were set to new music and inserted into a spoken play.Lieb' und Treue (Reichardt, 1800)Kunst und Liebe (Reichardt, 1807)Reichardt Lindpaintner[13]
LokalposseTheodiscaSpecialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on daily life themes, associated with the playwright Karl von Marinelli.[5]
MärchenoperTheodisca'Fairy-tale opera', a genre of 19th century opera usually with a supernatural theme. Similar to Zauberoper.Hänsel und Gretel (1893)Humperdinck, Siegfried Wagner[10]
MärchenspielTheodiscaNomen alternum: Märchenoper[10]
MelodrammaItalianaSaec. 19.[14]
Melodramma serioItalianaNomen alternum: opera seria
MusikdramaTheodiscaTerm associated with the later operas of Wagner but repudiated by him. [15] Nevertheless widely used by post-Wagnerian composers.Tiefland (1903), Salome (1905), Der Golem (d'Albert 1926)d'Albert, Richard Strauss[5] [15]
OpéraFrancicaReferring to individual works: 1. 18th century. Occasionally used for operas outside specific, standard genres. 2. 19th/20th century: an opéra is a "French lyric stage work sung throughout" [16] in contrast to an opéra comique that mixed singing with spoken dialogue. Opéra (which included grand opéra), was associated with the Paris Opéra (the Opéra). Also used for some works with a serious tone at the Opéra-Comique.Naïs (1749), Fernand Cortez (1809), Moïse et Pharaon (1827), Les vêpres siciliennes (1855), Roméo et Juliette (1867)Grétry, Spontini, Rossini, Verdi, Gounod[16]
Opéra-balletFrancicaGenre with more dancing than tragédie en musique. Usually with a prologue and a number of self-contained acts (called entrées), following a theme.1697 L'Europe galante (1697)Les élémens (1721), Les Indes galantes (1735), Les fêtes d'Hébé (1739)Destouches, Rameau[5]
Opera balloItaliana19th-century Italian grand opéra.Il Guarany (1870), Aida (1871), La Gioconda (opera) (1876)Gomes, Verdi, Ponchielli[17]
Opera buffaItalianaMajor genre of comic opera in the 18th and early 19th centuries. Originating in Naples (especially the Teatro dei Fiorentini), its popularity spread during the 1730s, notably to Venice where development was influenced by the playwright/librettist Goldoni. Typically in three acts, unlike the intermezzo. Contrasting in style, subject matter, and the use of dialect with the formal, aristocratic opera seria.1706 La Cilla (Michelangelo Faggioli, 1706)Li zite 'ngalera (1722), Il filosofo di campagna (Galuppi, 1754), La buona figliuola (1760), Le nozze di Figaro (1786), Il barbiere di Siviglia (1816), Don Pasquale (1843)1850 Crispino e la comare (1850)Vinci, Galuppi, Duni, Piccinni, Sacchini, Salieri, Mozart, Rossini[7]
Opéra bouffeFrancicaComicum operettae genusLa belle Hélène (1864), La Grande-Duchesse de Gérolstein (1867), La Périchole (1868)1947 Les mamelles de Tirésias (1947)Offenbach, Hervé, Lecocq[18]
Opéra bouffonFrancicaOpera buffa in Francia saeculi duodevicensimi monstrataLe roi Théodore à Venise (Paisiello, 1786)[19]
Opéra comiqueFrancicaAd verbum, 'opera comica'. Genre including arias, a certain amount of spoken dialogue (et aliquando cantus recitatorii). Arte conuncta cum operibus pro Lutetiae Opéra-Comique compositis. Themata fuerunt seria et tragica, as well as light. Tradition developed from popular early 18th century comédies en vaudevilles and lasted into 20th century with many changes in style.1715 Télémaque (Jean-Claude Gillier, 1715)La dame blanche (1825), Carmen (1875), Lakmé (1883)Grétry, Boieldieu, Auber,[5]
Opéra comique en vaudevilleFrancicaNomen alternum: comédie en vaudeville
Opéra féerieFrench18th/19th century genre of works based on fairy tales, often involving magic. Zémire et Azor (1771), Cendrillon (1810), La belle au bois dormant (1825)Carafa, Isouard[20]
Opéra lyriqueFrancicaAd verbum, 'opera melica'; saeculis XVIII exeunte et XIX.Gounod, Ambrosius Thomas, Massenet[5]
Opera semiseriaItalianaSaec. 19 ineunte et medio1799 Camilla (Paer, 1799)La gazza ladra (1817), Linda di Chamounix (1842)1853 Violetta (Mercadante, 1853)Paer, Rossini, Donizetti[21]
Opera seriaItalianaDominans operae modus saeculo duodevicensimo, non solum in Italia, sed pper Europam praeter Franciam.Griselda (1721), Cleofide (Hasse, 1731), Ariodante (1735), Alceste (1767), La clemenza di Tito (1791)Alessandro Scarlatti, Vivaldi, Hasse, Handel, Gluck, Mozart[5] [22]
Opéra-tragédieFrancicaNomen alternum: tragédie en musique[23]
OperettaAnglica (ex Italiana)Ad verbum 'parva opera'.Princess Toto (1876), Rip Van Winkle (1882), Naughty Marietta (1910), Monsieur Beaucaire (1919), The Student Prince (1924), The Vagabond King (1925)Candide (1956)Sullivan, Herbert, Romberg, Friml, Leonard Bernstein[24]
OpéretteFrancicaFrench operetta. Original genre of light (both of music and subject matter) opera that grew out of the French opéra comique in the mid 19th century. Associated with the style of the Second Empire by the works of Offenbach, though his best known examples are designated subgenerically as opéras bouffes.1842 L'ours et le pacha (Hervé, 1842)Madame Papillon (Offenbach, 1855), Les mousquetaires au couvent (1880), Les p'tites Michu (1897), Ciboulette (1923)Hervé, Offenbach, Varney, Messager, Hahn[24]
Opérette bouffeFrancicaSubgenus generis opéretteLa bonne d'enfant (1856), M. Choufleuri restera chez lui le . . . (1861)Offenbach[24]
Opérette vaudeville (or vaudeville opérette)FrancicaSubgenre of French opérette.1842 L'ours et le pacha (Hervé, 1842)Mam'zelle Nitouche (1883)Hervé, Victor Roger[24]
OperetteTheodiscaGerman operetta. Popular Viennese genre during the 19th and 20th centuries, created under the influence of Offenbach and spread to Berlin, Budapest, and other German and east European cities.1860 Das Pensionat (Suppé, 1860)Die Fledermaus (1874), The Merry Widow (1905), Das Land des Lächelns (1929)Frühjahrsparade (Robert Stolz, 1964)Johann Strauss II, Lehár, Oscar Straus[24]
PasticcioItalianaAd verbum 'a pie' or a hotchpotch. An adaptation or localization of an existing work that is loose, unauthorized, or inauthentic. Also used for a single work by a number of different composers, particularly in early 18th-century London.Thomyris (Pepusch, Bononcini, Scarlatti, Gasparini, Albinoni, 1707) Muzio Scevola (1721), Ivanhoé (1826)Handel, Vivaldi[5]
Pièce lyriqueFrancicaNomen alternum: opéra lyrique[5]
Pastorale héroïqueFrancicaType of ballet héroïque (opéra-ballet). Usually in three acts with an allegorical prologue, that typically drew on classical themes associated with pastoral poetry.1686 Acis et Galatée (1686)Issé (1697), Zaïs (1748), Naïs (1749)Lully, Rameau[25]
PosseGermanNomen alternum: Posse mit Gesang[5]
Posse mit GesangTheodiscaLiterally, 'farce with singing'. Popular entertainment of late 18th/early 19th centuries, associated with Vienna, Berlin and Hamburg. Similar to the Singspiel, but with more action and less music.Der Alpenkönig und der Menschenfeind (Raimund, 1828)Kreutzer, Müller, Schubert[5]
PossenspielTheodiscaearly name for Posse mit Gesang[5]
PossenspilTheodiscaearly name for Posse mit Gesang[5]
Rappresentazione sacraItalianaalternative name for azione sacra[26]
Romantische OperTheodiscaEarly 19th-century German genre derived from earlier French opéras comiques, dealing with 'German' themes of nature, the supernatural, folklore etc. Spoken dialogue, originally included with musical numbers, was eventually eliminated in works by Richard Wagner.1821 Der Freischütz (1821)Hans Heiling (1833), Undine (1845), Tannhäuser (1845)1850 Lohengrin (1850)Weber, Marschner, Lortzing, Wagner[5]
SaineteHispanicaLiterally, 'farce' or 'titbit'. 17th/18th century genre of comic opera similar to the Italian intermezzo, performed together with larger works. Popular in Madrid in the latter 18th century. During 19th century, the Sainete was synonymous with género chico.1632 Il mago (1632)Pablo Esteve, Soler, Antonio Rosales[5] [27]
SainetilloHispanicaDiminutive of sainete[27]
Savoy operaAnglica19th-century form of comic opera comprising the works of Gilbert and Sullivan and other works from 1881 to 1903 that played at the Savoy Theatre in London. These influenced the rise of musical theatre.1875 Trial by Jury (1875)H.M.S. Pinafore (1878), The Pirates of Penzance (1880), The Mikado (1885), The Gondoliers (1889), Merrie England (1902)1903 A Princess of Kensington (1903)Sullivan, Solomon German
SaynèteFrancicaFrench for sainete. Description used for a particular style of opérette in the 19th century.La caravane de l'amour (Hervé, 1854), Le rêve d'une nuit d'été (Offenbach, 1855), Le valet de coeur (Planquette, 1875)Hervé, Offenbach, Planquette[27]
Schauspiel mit GesangTheodiscaLiterally, 'play with singing'. Term used by Goethe for his early libretti, though he called them Singspiele when revising them.1775 Erwin und Elmire (Goethe 1775)Liebe nur beglückt (Reichardt, 1781), Die Teufels Mühle am Wienerberg (Müller 1799)[28]
SchuloperTheodiscaLiterally, 'school opera'. Early 20th century, opera created for performance by school children.Der Jasager (1930), Wir bauen eine Stadt (Hindemith, 1930)Weill, Hindemith[29]
Semi-operaAnglicaEarly form of opera with singing, speaking and dancing roles. Popular between 1673 and 1710.1674 The Tempest (Betterton, 1674)Psyche (1675), King Arthur (1691), The Fairy-Queen (1692)Purcell[5]
SepolcroItalianaAzione sacra on the subject of the passion and crucifixion of Christ.Draghi[26]
SerenataItalianaAd verbum, 'cantus vespertinus'. Opera brevis in aulis regiis adhibita pro celebrationibus, azione teatrale similis.Acis and Galatea (1720), Il Parnaso confuso (Gluck 1765)Handel, Gluck[5]
SingspielTheodiscaAd verbum, 'cantus ludus'.1752 Der Teufel ist los (Johann Georg Standfuss, 1752)Die verwandelten Weiber (1766), Die Jagd (1770), Die Entführung aus dem Serail (1782), Abu Hassan (1811)Hiller, Mozart, Weber[5] [28]
SituationsposseTheodiscaForma propria Posse mit Gesang[5]
SongspielTheodiscaAd verbum, 'cantus ludus'. Nomen a Curtio Weill excogitatum ad renovandam significationem nominis SingspielMahagonny-Songspiel (1927)Curtius Weill[5]
SpieloperTheodiscaAd verbum, 'ludus opera'.Zar und Zimmermann (1837), The Merry Wives of Windsor (1849)Lortzing, Nicolai[5]
SyngespilDanicaLocal form of Singspiel. Late 18th/19th century.Soliman den Anden (Sarti, 1770), Holger Danske (1787), Høstgildet (Schulz, 1790)Sarti, Schulz, Kunzen[5]
TonadillaHispanicaAd verbum, 'parvus tonus. 18th century miniature satirical genre, for one or more singer, that developed out of the sainete. Exsecutua inter longiora artificia.La mesonera y el arriero (Luis Misón, 1757)Antonio Guerrero, Misón, José Palomino[5]
TragédieFrancicaNomen alternum: tragédie en musique[23]
Tragédie en musiqueFrancicaGenus lyricum saeculorum 17 et 18, cum rebus ex mythologica classica et Italicis Tassi et Ariosti epicis, non omnino tragicum. Usitate 5 actus, aliquando cum prologus. Ariae breves (petits airs) a diverbio in cantu recitatorio differunt, cum sectionibus choralibus et saltatione.1673 Cadmus et Hermione (1673)Médée (1693), Scylla et Glaucus (1746)Lully, Marais, Montéclair, Campra, Rameau[5][23]
Tragédie lyriqueFrancicaNomen alternum: tragédie en musique[23]
Tragédie mise en musiqueFrancicaNomen alternum: tragédie en musique[23]
Tragédie-opéraFrancicaNomen alternum: tragédie en musique[23]
VerismoItalianaLate 19th/early 20th century opera movement inspired by literary naturalism and realism, and associated with Italian post-romanticism.1890 Cavalleria rusticana (1890)Pagliacci (1892), Tosca (1900)Mascagni, Leoncavallo, Puccini, Giordano[5]
VolksmärchenTheodiscaNomen alternum: MärchenoperDas Donauweibchen (Kauer 1798)[10]
ZarzuelaHispanicaEx saeculo 17 et iam exstans; cantum, diverbium, saltationem comprehendit. Memoriae propriae in Cuba et Philippinis inveniuntur.1629 La selva sin amor (Lope de Vega, 1627)Doña Francisquita (1923), La dolorosa (1930), Luisa Fernanda (1932)Hidalgo, Barbieri[5]
ZauberoperTheodiscaAd verbum, 'opera magica'.1789 Oberon, König der Elfen (Wranitzky, 1789)Die Zauberflöte (1791), Das Donauweibchen, (Kauer, 1798)Kauer, Müller, Schubert[5]
ZauberposseGermanSpecialized form of Posse mit Gesang concentrating on magic.Der Barometermacher auf der Zauberinsel (Müller 1823)Müller[5]
ZeitoperTheodiscaAd verbum opera temporis'. Decenniis 192 & 193 ineunte, using contemporary settings and characters, including references to modern technology and popular music. Jonny spielt auf (1927)Krenek, Weill, Hindemith[30]
ZwischenspielTheodiscaNomen Theodiscum pro intermezzoPimpinone (1725)[5]

Nexus interni

  1. ↑ Exempli gratia, Don Giovanni usitate appellatur dramma giocoso et opera buffa (Italiane); Mozart autem hanc operam opera buffa appellabat.
  2. ↑ Marita P. McClymonds, et Daniel Heartz, "Opera seria" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  3. ↑ "'Rescue opera' is an unhistorical term of limited usefulness. It is not an authentic genre like 'opera buffa', and was coined only in the later 19th or early 20th century" (David Charleton, 'Rescue opera' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie, Londini, 1992).
  4. ↑ "A general name for an operatic work in which the prevailing mood is one of comedy" (The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, ed. John Warrack et Ewan West (1992), ISBN 0-19-869164-5).
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 John Warrack et Ewan West The Oxford Dictionary of Opera (1992), 782 pp., ISBN 0-19-869164-5.
  6. ↑ Graham Sadler, "Rameau, Jean-Philippe," in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Piero Weiss, et Julian Budden, "Opera buffa" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  8. ↑ M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet, "Fait historique" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992, ISBN 0-333-73432-7).
  9. 1 2 Bryant, David (1992): Farsa in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  10. 1 2 3 4 Millington, Barry: Märchenoper in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  11. ↑ Richard Taruskin, "Sacred opera" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  12. ↑ Charles E. Troy et Piero Weiss, "Intermezzo" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (Londini, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  13. ↑ Branscombe, Peter (1992), 'Liederspiel' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  14. ↑ Budden, Julian: Melodramma in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  15. 1 2 Millington, Barry: Music drama in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  16. 1 2 Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  17. ↑ Sadie, Stanley (ed) (1992), 'Opera ballo' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  18. ↑ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra bouffe in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  19. ↑ M. Elizabeth C. Bartlet, Opéra bouffon in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (Londinii, 1992), ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
  20. ↑ Bartlet, M Elizabeth C: Opéra féerie in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  21. ↑ Budden, Julian: Opera semiseria in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  22. ↑ McClymonds, Marita P and Heartz, Daniel: Opera seria in 'The New Grove Dictionary of Opera', ed. Stanley Sadie (London, 1992) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sadler, Graham (1992), 'Tragédie en musique' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 Lamb, Andrew (1992), 'Operetta' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  25. ↑ Sadie, Stanley ed. (1992), 'Pastorale-héroïque' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  26. 1 2 Smither, Howard E (1992), 'Sepolcro' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  27. 1 2 3 Alier, Roger (1992), 'Sainete' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  28. 1 2 Bauman, Thomas (1992), 'Singspiel' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  29. ↑ Kemp, Ian (1992), 'Schuloper' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7
  30. ↑ Sadie, Stanley (ed) (1992), 'Zeitoper' in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie (London) ISBN 0-333-73432-7.
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