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Hashtag activism

From Wikipedia
A hashtag on a protest placard insyd 2019

Hashtag activism mean say people dey use social media hashtags take do online activism or fight for social issues.[1] De hashtag now turn one of de ways wey social media dey help people join social movements wey dem dey get involved for civic matta.[2] Wen people use de hashtag for social media, e dey give dem chance so say dem go share info weh dey dema mind on social issues. E sanso make followers fit join de talk, interact, den be part of big big matta wey fi bring change.[3] de hashtag itself de consists of word or phrase wey dey connected to social or political issue, plus de fosters a place where discourse go fit occur.[4] Social media de provide important platform for historically marginalized populations. With hashtags, dose groups fit talk, gather people, plus advocate for issues wey be less visible to de mainstream.[5]

Pipo wey dey support dis hashtag activism dey feel say e fit connect people all over di world quick-quick plus dem fit share info well. But critics no dey buy am, dem dey doubt say dis hashtag activism fit bring real change, because pipo just dey show say dem care small by posting hashtag, instead of doing wetin go really fit change things.[6][1]

Ein History

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De way wey people dey use hashtag today for social media, e start for Twitter insyd, wen one former Google developer, Chris Messina, suggest am for 2007. De idea behind am be say make users fi use am like meta tag to follow news anaa updates about one event anaa topic. Buh na Twitter first no like de idea. Dem talk say "dis hashtag thing na people weh sabi in matta".[7] but later that year wey #sandiegofire enter, e make people fit track content wetin dey happen for de fire, safety of demma loved ones, plus any updates wey dey. De hashtag don spread go other social media like Facebook, Instagram, den TikTok.[2] Since 2007, dem dey use hashtag to gather people online, find supporters, plus set up protests make everybody fit participate actively for social den political movements.

Notable examples

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De following notable examples be organized by categories: human rights, awareness, political, den trends.

Race

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United States origin

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#BlackLivesMatter
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Main article: Black Lives Matter

De Black Lives Matter movement dey call for make dem stop police wahala and killings of our African-American bros for U.S. De #BlackLivesMatter hashtag na Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi wey start as dem respond to George Zimmerman trial wey shoot plus kill 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.[8] This hashtag come back strong for 2014 after dem shoot Michael Brown for Ferguson, Missouri, den after grand jury no fit charge police officer Daniel Pantaleo for Eric Garner death.[9] For summer of 2020, de hashtag get another wave sekof of George Floyd den Breonna Taylor wey police kill.[10]

#IStandWithAhmed
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Main article: Ahmed Mohamed clock incident

I dey with Ahmed: For 2015, one teenage student wey dem call Ahmed Mohamed, dem arrest am for him high school for Irving, Texas because teacher no fit sabi say the clock wey he assemble no be bomb. E no get any crime wey dem fit charge am, but dem suspend am from school. Small time after dem scan him story for news, one tech blogger wey dem call Anil Dash tweet picture of Ahmed wey dem arrest for him NASA T-shirt plus de #IstandwithAhmed. Him tweet go viral and people dey accuse school of racism and Islamophobia. E start online movement wey plenty people, including scientists plus engineers, dey tweet support for Ahmed under de same hashtag.

#TakeAKnee
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#TakeAknee don be movement since 2016 wey dem create to shine light on police wahala and racial wahala wey dey happen for America.[11] Dis movement na from NFL players, wey Colin Kaepernick be di big name, as dem dey kneel when national anthem dey play; dis thing cause plenty matter because some people see am as bad disrespect wey dey insult American flag, di soldiers, and wetin di flag stand for. Dis movement later make #BoycottNFL den controversy wahala wey cause NFL to ban players wey no wan stand for di anthem, or make dem hide for locker room.[12] #TakeAKnee dey popular as "U.S. National Anthem Protest", e dey resemble all di protests wey happen during civil rights time, as athletes for different sports dey lead plenty protests.[13] While dem dey protest di police wahala wey African Americans dey face, some white American athletes too dey take knee.[14] Overall, di #TakeAKnee movement bring plenty wahala wey go fit question di legal and constitutional rights of people and di way dem fit protest di U.S. National Anthem.[15][16]

#MyAsianAmericanStory
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For August 2015, one 15-year-old student wey dem call Jason Fong start #MyAsianAmericanStory to shine light on immigration stories of Asian Americans after presidential candidate Jeb Bush talk something about Asian people wey dey born 'anchor babies'.[17][18] Fong talk say him start de hashtag to show say 'Asian-Americans dey part of di American story'.[19] People wey use di tag dey tweet about dem different family immigration history plus how dem don face racism.[20] Fong say him get inspiration to start #MyAsianAmericanStory from hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter plus participate for other hashtag campaigns like #Asians4BlackLives to show say him dey support to break down 'di broken system wey dey protect police misconduct'.[17]

#thisis2016
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For October 2016, after some anti-Asian wahala wey happen for New York City, Michael Luo write beta letter to the victim. The New York Times drop video wey dem call "#thisis2016: Asian-Americans Respond."[21] De video show different Asian Americans wey don chop racism before.[22] From there, #thisis2016 turn hashtag wey dey shine light on de racism wey Asian Americans de face.[23] Later, #BrownAsiansExist come enter the picture after dem write letter to The New York Times wey show say dem no happy say South and Southeast Asian Americans no dey for the "#thisis2016" video.[24] #BrownAsiansExist dey show how dem dey erase South den Southeast Asian Americans insyde de American media wey dey portray Asian Americans.[25]

#OscarsSoWhite
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#OscarSoWhite be hashtag campaign wey BroadwayBlack.com managing editor April Reign start, e start because of 2016 Oscars nominees.[26] All di 20 actors wey dem nominate for lead and supporting categories na white people, even though plenty films for dat year get African American leads wey don collect critics' prizes plus guild awards.[27] Di campaign start big talk about diversity, representation, and racism for di film industry.[28] Dis movement wan make pressure wey go fit change di racial makeup of di academy members well well.[29] After the hashtag cruise, di academy bring 41% minority voters and 46% female voters come onboard.[30] Production companies dey feel di heat too, so dem start to mix am up for dem casting and staffing decisions. Dem hire Ava Duvernay, wey be African-American woman, to run di production of A Wrinkle in Time plus dem still hire non-white actors for di traditionally white Star Wars series.[31]

#PublishingPaidMe
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Black Women's Rights

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United States origin

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#SayHerName
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#SayHerName start for 2015 by African American Policy Forum wey Kimberle Crenshaw lead. De aim of #SayHerName be to shine light for media and public on how dem dey abuse and kill Black women (both cis and transgender) wey police dey handle.[32] When Sandra Bland die for police custody, e make de hashtag go viral plus help bring plenty stories of other Black women wey don die through police voilence. #SayHerName sef dey connect to de deaths of Breonna Taylor, Aura Rosser, Tanisha Anderson den plenty others.[33]

Women's rights

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United States origin

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#YesAllWomen
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YesAllWomen na Twitter hashtag wey people dey use share stories about how dem dey treat women bad plus all de wahala wey women dey face.[34] #YesAllWomen, dem create am for reaction to another hashtag #NotAllMen, wey want make people sabi say all women dey suffer from sexism plus harassment, even though no be all men dey do am. Dis hashtag don enter social media sharp sharp, make women fit talk about dem own experiences of misogyny plus sexism.[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] De hashtag be popular reach May 2014 when dem dey discuss de Isla Vista killings.[43][44][45]

#ShoutYourAbortion
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#ShoutYourAbortion be hashtag plus social media campaign wey dey happen for Twitter wey dey encourage women wey don go through abortion to fit talk di matter wey dey surround am.[46][47][48] Di hashtag na American writer Lindy West plus friends Amelia Bonow plus Kimberly Morrison come create am because of di US House of Representatives wey wan cut funding for Planned Parenthood after di Planned Parenthood 2015 undercover video controversy wahala.[49][50][51][52][53]

#ilooklikeanengineer
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For August 2015, #ilooklikeanengineer campaign begin. Na Isis Anchalee start am to promote discussion about gender issues wahala.[54] Anchalee come up with di hashtag because people dey vex say dem show her face for ad campaign for de company wey she de work for. One year after dem create #ilooklikeanengineer, 250,000 people don use the hashtag.[55][56]

#MeToo
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#MeToo be hashtag for Twitter wey dey raise awareness about sexual assault, E dey encourage survivors make dem share demma stories.[57] Dis hashtag start for 2007 by Tarana Burke,[58] but later people sabi am well well when dem bring am come media for October 15, 2017, as Alyssa Milano use Twitter take encourage people[59] make dem talk about demma experience wey dem get with assault den say 'Me Too'.[60] At first, e just wan make people sabi, but #MeToo turn big movement. By October 2018, dem don use di hashtag 19 million times.[61] Di movement don spark plenty other movements like #HowIWillChange[62] plus e don make some people face punishment for wetin dem do.[60] As dem react, dem create #HimToo hashtag to talk about di social media campaign wey dey follow false rape allegation.

#WomensMarch
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For January 21, 2017, e be like say 2.6 million people waka all over di world because of wetin Donald Trump wey just win election talk.[63] De march, dem organize am primarily online through Facebook.[64] Now every year, di Women's March dey happen to make people sabi human rights plus to dey advocate for am with peaceful protest.[65]

Like other hashtag movements, #WomensMarch get online presence too. Dem get Facebook page wey dey active, verified as Women's March, wey dem create for November 20, 2016.[66] As of April 2, 2019, people don like am over 800,000 plus dem get followers wey pass 850,000 users.[66] Apart from di official page, dey plenty pages wey dey show for different areas like Women's March for Connecticut, Women's March for San Diego, plus Women's March for Milan.[67][68][69] Plus, for Instagram too, di Women's March Movement dey flex well well, as of April 2019, de page get 1.2 million followers.[70]

International origin

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#EleNão
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Protester insyde Porto Alegre, Brazil, participating for de Ele Não movement.

For September 19, 2018, Ele Não movement wey dem dey call "Ele Não" (meaning "no be him" for Portuguese), also known as de protests against Jair Bolsonaro, na women dey lead demonstrations wey happen for plenty regions for Brazil plus di world. Dem main aim na to show say dem no wan Bolsonaro plus him presidential campaign plus him sexist declarations.[71][72][73][74]

#WhereisPengShuai
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After November 2021 wen Chinese tennis player Peng Shuai vanish, dem start use hashtag #WhereisPengShuai for Twitter,[75] plus na athletes like Serena Williams[76] plus Naomi Osaka dey tweet am.[77]

#MahsaAmini
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Amini wey dem beat am and kill am make plenty people vex for social media. Di hashtag #MahsaAmini don turn one of di most used hashtag for Persian Twitter. Di number of tweets plus retweets for dis hashtag don pass 80 million.[78][79] Some Iranian women dey post video for social media wey demselves dey cut demma hair as protest.[80] Dem report say on 21 September, Iranian government don block internet make nobody fit use Instagram den WhatsApp. Dem still disrupt internet service for Kurdistan plus other places for Iran to try silence de protest.[81] By 24 September 2022, de hashtag #Mahsa_Amini plud di equivalent Persian version don break Twitter record with over 80 million tweets.[82][83]

#MosqueMeToo
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For February 2018, de Mosque Me Too movement start, after de Me Too movement wey gain worldwide prominence for October 2017 and the months wey follow. Muslim women dey share their stories about sexual abuse for Muslim holy places den while dem dey go pilgrimage like Hajj for Mecca, Saudi Arabia, dem dey use de hashtag #MosqueMeToo.[84][85][86]

Other examples

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For 2012, women wey dey work for game industry sabi talk for Twitter, dem gather under de hashtag #1reasonwhy. Dem talk say sexist practices like oversexualization of female video game characters, workplace harassment, plus unequal pay for men den women dey happen plenty for game industry.[87][88][89]

Di hashtag #NotYourAsianSidekick na Suey Park plus Juliet Shen start am for December 2013 for Twitter.[90] Suey Park be freelance writer wey people sabi well-well for her Twitter campaign wey wan cancel Colbert Show, plus Juliet Shen dey run blog wey dey talk about Asian American feminism. Dem start di hashtag town hall to create space make people fit have structured conversation about misogyny plus wetin dey concern Asian American women.[91] For less than 24 hours, dem don use #NotYourAsianSidekick over 45,000 times.[92]

DeafTalent na hashtag wey dem dey use show wetin de deaf plus hard of hearing community fit do for social media. Before dis hashtag come, for creative industry, dem dey use hearing actors for deaf roles. SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia talk say, "As response to dis, dem create social media hashtags like #DeafTalent and #POCDeafTalent. Dis hashtags wey start to tackle how deaf characters plus sign language dey portrayed for media, now dem dey use am to celebrate plenty talented deaf actors, artists den other people wey get talent for di world."[93]

De hashtag, #Boymom, don burst onto social media for show wetin some people dey call 'chaotic' plus 'messy' mata wey mothers wey get boys dey face. Instagram na de place wey dey carry most #Boymom hashtags, almost 12.9 million hashtags dey there. #Girlmom dey far back with only 4.8 million. Right now, people dey talk plenty about this hashtag. Some people dey argue say e fit make children no dey free to express their gender well. Some people even go as far as to say that it perpetuates de sexist idea dat dem de value sons more than daughters.[94]

Overtourism be de phenomenon wey some places dey receive too many tourists, e dey cause undesirable effects for di places wey dem dey go, Dis matter don become popular hashtag since 2016 when de phrase took off, after e gain significant momentum after a Skift, wey be travel news plus research company, write article about am. Skift use di term wey don bring global eye on di growing problem of perceptions of too much tourism, wey don start plenty gists on how we fit manage tourism well well.[95] One paper wey use Twitter social network analysis show say di #overtourism network dey held by small group of experts, dem dey do big work to present, share, den distribute information about di matter.[96]

Awareness

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United States origin

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#Kony2012
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A Kony 2012 poster

Kony 2012 be short film wey Invisible Children, Inc. produce (dem be di authors of Invisible Children). dem release am on March 5, 2012.[97][98][99][100]

De film wan promote di charity wey dey push di "Stop Kony" movement make everybody for di world sabi dis African cult plus militia leader, war criminal wey dem don indict, Joseph Kony.[101] Dem wan catch am before 2012 end,[102] when di campaign go expire. Di film spread virally like fire through di #Kony2012 hashtag..[103][104][105]

#WhyIStayed
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For 2014, one media release wey show security camera footage show NFL player, Ray Rice, wey dey punch him den fiancée, Janay Rice, spark public conversation on why victims go dey stay for abusive relationships. In response to dis question, writer plus domestic abuse survivor, Beverly Gooden, start de #WhyIStayed campaign for Twitter so we fit "change de tone of de conversation". Di hashtag begin trend nationally five hours after him don create am plus dem use am more than 46,000 times for dat day.[106] Beverly come appear for NPR's All Things Considered to talk about hashtag activism.[107]

"Pope Francis shocks world, endorses Donald Trump for presido"
#FakeNews
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While "fake news" or politically motivated disinformation (PMD) no be new occurrence, de sentiment plus spread of distrust of news coverage don become more notable since de 2016 U.S. elections cycle. #FakeNews hashtag na 2016 wey e burst everywhere when Donald Trump talk say di bad news wey e dey get na because of di false stories wey dey fly around. Since dat hashtag enter, e don bring plenty policy bills den laws wey de tackle di proliferation of inaccurate infomation wey dey waka around di world, wey make di matter dey more political plus people dey fear say censorship fit dey pending. De emergence of social media don allow for "fake news" to spread much faster than normal news den information, pushing technology companies to grab more active role insyde detecting den removing "fake news".

One example of #FakeNews dey come from website wey dem dey call WTOF 5 News. Di headline talk say: 'Pope Francis don shock di world, e don support Donald Trump make he be president'.[108] With Facebook help, dis fake news article don gather more than 960,000 likes plus shares for di popular social media, e make am one of di most popular fake news articles for 2016.[109]

#ProtectOurWinters
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Protect Our Winters be movement plus nonprofit wey snowboarder, Jeremy Jones,[110] plus some other winter sport stars start to raise awareness say global warming plus climate change dey happen. Dem start de movement for 2016 because that year be one of de hottest years wey don happen..[111][112] Di movement dey show how global warming dey affect di winter sports industry plus how carbon dioxide percentage de increase.[111][113] Protect Our Winters or POW dey beg people make dem no just sabi di effects wey global warming dey cause, but make dem take action by volunteering, voting for legislature wey go help or donating to di cause.

#FreeBritney
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For April 2019, Britney Spears fan podcast wey dem dey call Britney's Gram find di first alleged abuses wey dey happen for her conservatorship setup, plus dem create di hashtag #FreeBritney. Di term itself don dey for use since 2008 by some fans.[114] Alongside advocating for de termination den investigation of Spears en conservatorship, de hashtag plus di social movement wey dey follow, don help raise awareness for guardianship plus conservatorship abuse all over di United States.[115] Di hashtag don cause some law change for California wey dey concern wetin dey happen for conservatorship, plus e don inspire plenty bipartisan questions about guardianship den conservatorship law for Congress.[116][117]

#PublishingPaidMe
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Dis hashtag wey L.L. McKinney create for 2020, na di authors dey use am talk about de pay differences received by publishers for black den non-black authors.[118]

International origin

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#BringBackOurGirls
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First Lady Michelle Obama initiate de #BringBackOurGirls hashtag.

Boko Haram don kidnapp over 200 school girls from Chibok, Nigeria for May 2014, dem no gree return di girls.[119] Di hashtag #BringBackOurGirls come be created to make sure di story dey trend for news and make international people notice to am.[120] Di hashtag na first use by one corporate lawyer wey dem call Ibrahim Abdullahi, and e don get use by big names like First Lady Michelle Obama, wey use am to make people sabi di girls wey dem kidnap.[121][122] Di hashtag don collect 2 million retweets itself.[123]

#AmINext
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For Fall 2014, one Canadian Inuk woman wey dem call Holly Jarrett start di #AmINext hashtag campaign make pipo sabi how di Canadian Government no dey respond well to di high rate of violence wey dey happen to Indigenous women.[124] Dis campaign dey make people snap photos of demself with signs wey write ‘#AmINext’ and dey post am for social media. Dem do dis to start national talk about how dem dey ignore den expose Indigenous women, plus to show how Government no dey do much for investigation about di killings den disappearances.[125][126] Holly dey carry dis campaign with her heart, e be because her cousin, Loretta Saunders, wey be Inuk woman from Labrador, just vanish den later dem find am dead for road side for Canada. After di campaign, di government create national DNA missing person list plus bring 30 safety plans to support indigenous women.[127]

#PrayforParis
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Di main place for Paris encountered some terrorist attacks, wey nobody expect. E cause people for all over di world make dem sabi wetin happen. For dis event, some terrorists dey wear suicide belts plus di violence wey happen subsequently shock everybody. Dem terrorists dey plan to enter di stadium with other people.[128] Even though dem no allow de person enter, e show how serious e be as people dey put their own life for risk, indirectly affecting others. As di matter happen, more than 70 million people begin dey share dis news for different social media make e reach plenty people.[129] For instance, Facebook allow people fit change their profile picture to show dem French flag wey dey transparent to show say dem dey support di victims. Twitter too dey use am. But instead to put di transparent flag for Twitter profile, dem create hashtag to show more support . Dis simple hashtag #PrayforParis make people fit show support wey no be only for people to sabi wetin dey happen, but dem fit click link to sabi more about di matter plus how others dey reason am. Social media really help to spread di awareness, but di impact from di young ones too dey stand out. For example, one small pikin draw im mind for paper, wey include dis message: 'Shot after shot, bang after bang, dey waste innocent lives!'[130]

#flygskam
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Flygskam be Swedish word wey mean 'flight shame'. E be name of anti-flying movement wey start for Sweden last year, wey dey encourage people make dem stop take flights to reduce carbon emissions. Di idea be originally push by Olympic athlete Bjorn Ferry den gain momentum after teenage activist Greta Thunberg mama, di opera singer Malena Ernman, talk publicly say she go stop fly, plus plenty Swedish celebrities follow her lead. Dem sey Thunberg travel mostly by train for her recent two-week tour for Europe.[131] De activism dey show real change for Sweden as airline ticket sales jump decline by 4% for January 2020, all because people dey sabi de wahala wey commercial flights dey cause for carbon footprint.[132]

#CoronaVirus
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#Coronavirus, #COVID-19, den #Covid_19 be some of di common hashtags wey dey talk about Coronavirus 2019 wey start insyde Wuhan, China.[133][134] Di Hashtag don blow up fast as World Health Organization (WHO) sef declare say di virus be pandemic on 11 March 2020.[135] If you check di movement of dis Hashtag for Twitter from Symplur, e show say de number of Hashtags drop well-well from 50763 on 13 April 2020 to 35795 on 18 April 2020.[136]

Political

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United States origin

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#HumanizeTheBadge
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Before 2020, #humanizethebadge dey mostly waka for Twitter and Facebook, na organizations wey dey try build better connection between police plus di community wey dem dey serve, like di nonprofit group Humanizing de Badge.[137] Dis need for things to beta dey come from police brutality wey kill George Floyd for May 5, 2020. E spark di people make dem dey cry for change, plus Black Lives Matter protest don take front stage for di media.[138] For di protest lines wey dey behind, di hashtag wey dey humanize di badge don blow big. Di aim of #humanizethebadge na to make officers plus dem pipo wey love dem fit show dem communities say dem get human side for di police uniform. You go find #humanizethebadge plenty for TikTok, with over 2 billion posts wey carry di hashtag. Dis posts dey try make people see say di officers be more relatable plus trustworthy.[139] Dis relatability be way to bring dem closer to di people den communities wey dem dey serve.[140] Through de use of TikTok officers dey able to reach a more audience. TikTok allows creators to move from audience to audience den trend to trend.[141] Dis videos fit gather plenty millions views wey dey spread bureaucratic propaganda because officers de support de appearance of institutional legitimacy.[142] Insyde di videos, dem dey fit showcase demself as normal, relatable people, even though dem dey wear uniform, thus de associate themselves with de police department Creating dis link humanizes law enforcement as e be, dem wan make police look like 'good guy' for de matter.

But this hashtag no dey promote well by all police officers o. One former police wey don turn entrepreneur, Autumn Clifford, believe say being police na big responsibility wey leaders suppose fit show am well. She talk say for history, society no too loved law enforcement, plus citizens no too like make dem dey tell dem wetin to do. So dem need leaders wey go fit guide dem for better way. Civilians need see to de see police like leaders for their own communities. Clifford talk say make officers dey have real den honest conversations with civilians, plus make dem try more to connect with citizens. This go fit make people respect law enforcement well. She talk example when dem call am go fix wahala wey dey happen for group home for troubled teens, den she end de encounter with dance battle. This encounter change de way de teen see am, dem dey call am de 'cool cop' for all de time she dey work. This one small interaction make de group of teens see her as human.[143]

#NODAPL
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De #noDAPL hashtag dem use insyd real life, outsyd social media.
#NotOneMore
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Di hashtag #NotOneMore come up sharp-sharp after di May 23, 2014 shooting for Isla Vista, Santa Barbara, California. For dat gbege, six students wey dey school for University of California, Santa Barbara pay with dem life. Richard Martinez, wey be di papa of one victim, no waste time talk about gun control, he dey shout for stricter gun law during di memorial plus rally, dey chant 'Not One More!' Di phrase later turn hashtag for social media. Richard work with Everytown digital crew to make tool wey go fit help people send postcards to their senators, congress representatives, and governor wey dey carry the phrase 'Not One More'.

A memorial service dem hold at Harder Stadium after de Isla Vista killings
#MarchforOurLives
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De March for Our Lives protest start after dem shoot for Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School for Parkland, Florida on February 14, 2018.[144] E be response to di surge wey gun violence dey cause for schools plus 17 people wey die after di Parkland shoot, people begin gather around di hashtag #neveragain. Di hashtag wey show say pipo dey fight against gun violence, start spread for social media den e go viral for early 2018.

Plus, di movement gather people for walkouts to remember di lives wey gun violence don take. For March 2018, hundreds of marches happen all over di country to support stricter gun laws, but plenty anti-protesters no gree.[145] Since February 2018, dem don pass 123 laws nationwide at de state-level to tackle gun control wahala.[146]

For February 17, 2018, students start one Facebook page make dem fit join de movement; den by April 2019, de page don get over 280,000 likes plus more than 300,000 people dey follow am.[147] De Instagram page @marchforourlives dey live too, den since April 2019, e don get over 200 posts plus just over 360,000 followers.[148]

#EndFathersDay
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For 2014, some editors dey form say dem be black feminists, dey spread de meme, #EndFathersDay. Fox News carry de wahala to denounce am.[149] After plenty research, dem don expose de fake accounts.[150]

#NoBanNoWall
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#NoBanNoWall be hashtag wey dem create, e dey respond to wetin Trump talk say he go do 'Muslim ban' plus him 2016 campaign wey him talk say him go build wall for US-Mexico border.[151] For 2017, President Trump drop plenty executive orders wey fit scatter family den turn away refugees.[152] Saki Barzinji plus Imraan Siddiqi start #NoBanNoWall make Muslim, Latino, plus other groups come together dey fight xenophobic immigration policies.[153] On January 25, 2017, protestors don gather for Washington Square Park dey shout, 'No ban; no wall', wey make dem create de Twitter hashtag #NoBanNoWall to protest Trump travel ban.[154] Di movement dey hit ground for airports straight after di hashtag trending.[155] One judge for New York accept wetin ACLU bring make e fit gree warrant wey go stop deportation for airports.[156] Di movement turn into stage wey pipo fit share dia own story or demma families immigrating to de US plus e dey fight di fear wey dey grow for pipo mind about some foreigners.[157]

#FireDrillFridays
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Inspired by Greta Thunberg plus e start from Greenpeace den Jane Fonda, #FireDrillFridays dey bring awareness to di climate change crisis.[158] Dem dey call for Green New Deal for di United States government, di movement organize protests for di Capitol every Friday beginning for October 2019.[159] Di campaign dey push make dem no start any new fossil fuel projects plus make dem phase out wetin dem already get.[160][161] #FireDrillFridays don blow up wella after dem arrest some celebrities.[162] COVID-19 come make Fonda shift #FireDrillFridays online, so dem fit still dey chase government make dem take action.[163]

#WalkAway
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International origin

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#ArabSpring
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#ArabSpring dey waka for social media early 2011, dey spread awareness of de anti-government protest for de North Africa plus de Middle East.[164] Dis #ArabSpring na Twitter hashtag wey people dey use for anti-government protest across de Middle East for 2010.[165]

#Oromoprotests
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Back insyde 2014, IOYA (The International Oromo Youth Association) don create de #Oromoprotests hashtag wey dem fit use make people sabi wetin dey happen as Oromo student dey protest against Ethiopian government plan to expand Addis Ababa plus grab land wey Oromo farmers den residents dey occupy. Dem use di hashtag again late November/December 2015 to show say di Oromo protests don come back plus di Ethiopian government dey use violent crackdown on students, journalists plus musicians.[166][167] While de Oromo held protests before, Before dis, dis na di first time de Oromo fit come together all over di country with new social media platforms.[168]

#Sosblakaustralia
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For March 2015, one activism campaign wey take hold for Australia. #Sosblakaustralia na campaign wey start for small aboriginal town for Western Australia. Dis campaign na to fight one plan wey wan close 150 rural aboriginal communities.[169] Dis movement wey start for small village with just 200 #Sosblakaustralia wey get poor Internet, e don blow reach plenty people, even Aussie celebrities like Hugh Jackman join, Dis one make di movement reach as far as London o. In 18 days, dem get over 50,000 followers plus don reach over 1,000,000 people worldwide.[170]

#IdleNoMore
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For di Winter wey dey between 2012–2013, for Canada, some indigenous activists start campaign wey dem dey use #IdleNoMore to fight against any law wey go threaten indigenous land den water. Di movement don dey grow plus dey bring native people together, plus di hashtag don make expansion possible. Idle No More start for Canada, now e don spread go reach native people for everywhere, even United States plus Australia wey indigenous pipo dey face similar issues.[171] Di use of de hashtag plus social media matter don help make Idle No More message reach di indigenous pipo for everywhere wey dem fit talk plus join di activism wey dem no fit do before.[172]

#UmbrellaRevolution
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A sign of de Umbrella Revolution protest insyd Hong Kong

Di umbrella wey people dey carry for Admiralty, Mong Kok and Causeway Bay na im be sign wey show say e no dey okay for free election wey dey happen for China. Di protesters don dey camp for di street and public parks. Dem use di umbrella to shield dem as dem dey fight for democracy back in 2014 when police come dey spray tear gas to make dem leave. Dem wey call am "Umbrella Revolution" plus "Umbrella Movement" dem don use British media wey be BBC to identify this event. through social network services like Twitter den Instagram don make de events insyde Hong Kong reach plenty other people wey no dey protest directly with de use of #UmbrellaRevolution plus don create worldwide social awareness to how Hong Kong dey respond to support of de democratic process.[173][174][175]

#PutItToThePeople
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Di People’s Vote campaign group wey dey based for United Kingdom start for April 2018, e dey call for public vote make dem confirm di final Brexit deal wey United Kingdom make with di European Union.[176] plus dem dey use #PutItToThePeople as dem activism hashtag.[177]

Other examples

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For September 2014, The Hokkolorob Movement (Let The Voice Raise Movement) begin. Na series of protests dey come from Jadavpur University students for Kolkata, India wey start for September 3, 2014. Dem first use de term 'hok kolorob' ('make some noise') as hashtag for Facebook.[178]

#2019GantiPresiden
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For 2018, Indonesian politician Mardani Ali Sera come bring #2019GantiPresiden (Make we change President for 2019), him dey push this hashtag for social media make people sabi and sabi make Indonesian internet peeps choose another president for 2019 no be Jokowi.[179] Mardani talk plus wetin PKS president, Sohibul Iman, talk make am strong.[180] Before, one movement wey get di same name dey come up from Mardani for him personal Twitter account on March 27, 2018. Mardani talk say for one tweet, di hashtag na wahala to Joko Widodo supporters wey dey for social media.[181]

Plenty social media accounts don dey retweet the hashtag. Before you know am, dem don make T-shirts wey carry the hashtag, as Mardani talk say di movement no be political campaign sekof nobody fit support am.[182] Dis movement gather plenty support from other opposition politicians like Amien Rais (PAN)[183] plus Yusril Ihza Mahendra (PBB).[184] Dem talk say pressure for Islamic groups dey strong,[185] plenty immigrants wey come from China because dem relax immigration rules[186] plus economic wahala like no jobs and prices of necessities don increase.[187]

Plenty rallies and supports for #2019GantiPresiden dey happen for everywhere for de country, like insyde Jakarta,[188] Surakarta,[189] den Jogjakarta.[190] Even Ahmad Syaikhu plus Sudrajat talk say if dem win de 2018 West Java gubernatorial election, dem go support 2019 Ganti Presiden movement..[191][192]

However, de movement don flop after President Joko Widodo win de election twice.[193]

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United States origin

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#icebucketchallenge den #ALS
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UC Berkeley's ex-chancellor Nicholas Dirks dey participate insyd de ALS Ice Bucket Challenge.

De #icebucketchallenge be one kind where dem go pour bucket of ice water for person head, and dem dey use videos or pictures capture am. Then, dem go challenge another person to do di same. Di person wey dem challenge go either pour ice water for im head or donate money to place wey dey fight Motor neuron disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, wey dem dey call Lou Gehrig's disease) charity. But e get option too wey you fit do both. Di challenge dey encourage make you share di video or photo for social media wey you fit show am to your people, friends, plus family to help raise awareness for ALS/MND.[194] De way #icebucketchallenge enter social media, e make plenty people dey sabi wetin dey happen PLUS dem support am well well. For early August 2014, di national ALS charity foundation president, Barbara Newhouse, don directly attribute de movement to a fundraising "surge" of $168,000 wey accumulate insyde just a week. That figure be different from de $14,000 wey dem raised same time last year, e make de CEO wey don dey work for 38 years see de support difference as 'crazy'.[195] One month after di August 2014 fundraising week, dem count am say di videos wey get to do with di #icebucketchallenge reach 17 million for Facebook from June 1 to September 1, according to Facebook Newsroom.[196] As di videos dey go up, di challenges too dey rise. E reach point wey some big names like James Franco, Charlie Rose plus even former president George W. Bush dey take activist role to raise money for research plus make people sabi di ALS disease.[197]

International origin

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#Hallyu
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De Hallyu Wave, wey de literally translates to "flow of Korea" (or dem de commonly know am as de Korean Wave) represents de social movement insyde connection to South Korean culture plus entertainment. Economically, Hallyu dey bring huge profit, e dey bring millions of tourists plus fans every year, plus e dey produce all kinds of entertainment like Korean pop plus Television drama series, ultimately e dey bring billions in annual revenue wey de further strengthens em economic prosperity den stability.[198] Plus, Hallyu dey carry plenty power as social movement insyde im own right, Hallyu dey hold considerable influence insyde politics too. South Korea ninth president, Roh Moo-hyun, talk say Hallyu fit help make things better or mend de tense relations between de Koreas.[199] But North Korea no get im own version of Hallyu, dem even dey reject am; For example, when Psy drop him 'Gangnam Style' for 2012, North Korea de viewe de song with contempt sekof while South Korea dey attract good attention, e dey also undermine de impoverished conditions of North Korea at de same time.[200]

LGBT rights

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For 2014, people dey protest di anti-gay laws wey just land, dem even go target di corporate sponsors wey dey support 2014 Winter Olympics for Sochi Russia. McDonald's dey among di sponsors, dem use hashtag #CheersToSochi for dem marketing, wey de de queer activist group Queer Nation hijack am.[201][202][203]

For June 2015, di United States Supreme Court talk say same-sex marriage fit dey everywhere for di country.[204] Dis one make dem create di hashtag #lovewins.[205] Di hashtag gather over 4.5 billion impressions for Twitter. President Barack Obama sef join di matter den e tweet using di hashtag.

United States origin

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#Girlslikeus
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E start by Janet Mock for 2012. Dis hashtag na to support Jenna Talackova for de time of de Miss Universe pageant.[206]

#DignidadLiteraria
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#OwnVoices
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Dis hashtag dey used to show authors wey come from marginalized or underrepresented groups wey dey write characters from dose same groups. Dis hashtag represent stories wey people wey don live dose experience dey tell.[207]

Effectiveness

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Pipo wey dey criticize don dey call hashtag activism slacktivism. Na term wey mean small online engagement for political or social issues, like posting hashtags, liking or sharing content without deep involvement.[208] Dem critics dey talk say this digital gesture dey show small support, but no real change fit happen. E easy to join, but people dey worry say e go make dem chop am too much and everybody go tire, plus some dey fear say e go just be like say dem dey involved symbolically but no real action go dey.[209] E be like some people dey talk say this kind passive way no get de fire plus dedication wey we see for dier earlier social movements.[210]

Anoda gbege be say online movements dey sometimes start from people wey get beta life, no be from those wey dey face di wahala wey dem dey talk about. Some big critics like former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, journalist Malcolm Gladwell, plus writer Teju Cole don talk say this hashtag activism dey make people dey lazy, no fit do any big change for di matter.[211][212][213]

Even though some people dey criticize am, supporters sabi say hashtag activism be strong tool wey fit raise awareness, share personal stories, plus bring people together.[214] Hashtags dey help users connect den rally without dem dey there physically, wey make activism more easy to access for everybody. Because using hashtag no dey hard, more people fit join talk de conversations .we dey help to amplify marginalized voices plus personal stories.[215] Campaigns like #MeToo plus #BlackLivesMatter don help people share dem stories, boost conversations, plus make we understand different views better.[215]

Supporters like Bev Goodman wey start de #WhyIStayed movement wey dey talk say domestic violence be serious, dem dey argue say dis hashtag activism fit make people dey engage long term plus even change policy matter.[216] For example, back insyde 2012, when Susan G. Komen for de Cure talk say dem go stop money for mammogram referral with Planned Parenthood, plenty backlash happen online, with hashtags like #standwithpp plus #singon; make dem change their mind within de same week.[217] Even though Planned Parenthood clinics no dey do mammograms, dem de provide referrals for de service.[218][219] Di fast speed wey social media dey run make organizations fit guage public response sharp sharp, somtimes e go make dem change dem mind sharp, somtimes e go make dem rethink or change wetin dem decide.

Check am too

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References

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