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Harushio-class submarine

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Wakashio, a Harushio-class submarine
Class overview
NameHarushio class
Builders
Operators Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force
Preceded byYūshio class
Succeeded byOyashio class
Subclasses
  • Harushio
  • Asashio
Built1987–1997
In commission1990–2017
Completed7
Retired7
General characteristics as built
TypeSubmarine
Displacement
  • 2,450 t (2,410 long tons) (surfaced)
  • 2,750 t (2,710 long tons) (submerged)
Length77.4 m (253 ft 11 in)
Beam10.5 m (34 ft 5 in)
Draught7.7 m (25 ft 3 in)
Propulsion
  • 1-shaft diesel-electric
  • 3,400 bhp (2,500 kW) (surfaced)
  • 7,200 shp (5,400 kW) (submerged)
Speed
  • 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) (surfaced)
  • 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) (submerged)
Complement75
Sensors &
processing systems
Armament

The Harushio class (はるしお, "Spring Tide") is a diesel-electric submarine class that was operated by the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF). The design is an evolution from the Yūshio class being slightly larger and with better noise reduction. Asashio, was modified to test air-independent propulsion (AIP), and the remaining vessels were decommissioned and replaced by the Oyashio class

Design and description

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The Harushio class were designed to replace the ageing Uzushio class and were an improved version of the preceding Yūshio class, being slightly larger, with improved noise reduction, weaponry and sensors.[1][2] Using a double hull system, the pressure hull was made of NS 110 steel and allowed the submarines to dive to a reported depth of 550 metres (1,800 ft).[2][3] Their hulls were covered in an anechoic coating to reduce their noise signature.[2]

As built, the vessels measured 77.4 m (253 ft 11 in) long with a beam of 10.5 m (34 ft 5 in) and a draught of 7.7 m (25 ft 3 in).[2][a] They had a surfaced displacement of 2,450 tonnes (2,410 long tons) and 2,750 t (2,710 long tons) submerged.[2] The submarines, powered by a diesel-electric system, initially mounted two Kawasaki 12V5/255 diesel engines that operated the one shaft while surfaced, creating 5,520 horsepower (4,120 kW). While submerged, the submarines utilised the two Kawasaki alternators connected to the two 480-cell battery sets driving the shaft, creating 7,200 hp (5,400 kW).[3][2] These were later swapped for two Mitsubishi-MAN V8/v24-30 MATL diesel engines creating 1,750 bhp (1,300 kW) each and two 1,850 kW (2,480 hp) alternators paired with two tandem Toshiba electric motors creating 7,220 shp (5,380 kW).[2] On the surface, the ships were capable of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) and 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) while dived.[2]

The Harushio class mounted six 533-millimetre (21 in) Type HU-0603B torpedo tubes amidships that could be used to fire either Type 89 torpedoes or UGM-84C Harpoon anti-ship missiles. The submarines carried 20 reloads.[2] The vessels had a complement of 75, composed of 65 enlisted personnel and 10 officers.[2] The final submarine of the class, Asashio, had a reduced crew from launch due to increased automation in the engineering control systems, which comprised 71, including ten officers.[2][3]

The class was equipped with flank-mounted sonars, namely the Hughes-Oki ZQQ-5B active/passive model. They were also equipped with the ZQR-1 TASS towed passive sonar array.[2] They received the ZLA-7 electronic warfare intercept suite and the ZLR 3-6 electronic support measures suite and had a VHF receiver with a towed antenna.[2][3] The submarines mounted the JRC ZPS-6 navigation/surface search radar that operated on the I-band.[2][3]

Asashio

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As the final submarine of the class, Asashio was a modified version of the initial design. Due to the aforementioned increased automation, the submarine was marginally longer than the other submarines of the class, measuring 255.9 m (839 ft 7 in) long overall with an increased surfaced displacement of 2,560 t (2,520 long tons) and 2,850 t (2,800 long tons) dived.[3] Asashio was later selected to be the test bed for air-independent propulsion (AIP) for the Japanese submarine fleet and had an 85 kW (114 hp) Sterling V4-275R Mk II AIP unit installed. To accommodate the AIP system, the submarine's hull was further extended by 9.6 m (31 ft 6 in) and the vessel's displacement increased by roughly 400 t (390 long tons) to 2,900 t (2,900 long tons) standard and 3,200 t (3,100 long tons) submerged.[2]

Vessels

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Project no. Building no. Pennant no. Name Laid down Launched Commissioned Decommissioned
S126 8098 SS-583 Harushio (はるしお) 21 April 1987 26 July 1989 30 November 1990 27 March 2009
8099 SS-584 Natsushio (なつしお) 8 April 1988 20 March 1990 20 March 1991 26 March 2010
8100 SS-585/
TSS-3606		 Hayashio (はやしお) 9 December 1988 17 January 1991 25 March 1992 15 March 2011
8101 SS-586 Arashio (あらしお) 8 January 1990 17 March 1992 17 March 1993 19 March 2012
8102 SS-587 Wakashio (わかしお) 12 December 1990 22 January 1993 1 March 1994 5 March 2013
8103 SS-588/
TSS-3607		 Fuyushio (ふゆしお) 12 December 1991 16 February 1994 7 March 1995 6 March 2015
S129 8104 SS-589/
TSS-3601		 Asashio (あさしお) 24 December 1992 12 July 1995 12 March 1997 27 February 2017

Construction and career

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The first submarine of the class was authorised in 1986 and one per year until 1992.[3] Asashio was reclassified as a training submarine on 9 March 2000. After undergoing conversion to AIP, Asashio re-entered service on 30 November. Hayashio was reclassified as a training submarine in 2008.[2]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Both Grove & Scheina and Sharpe have the submarines measuring 77 m (252 ft 7 in) long with a beam of 10 m (32 ft 10 in).[1][3]

Citations

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  1. ^ a b Grove & Scheina 1995, p. 236.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Wertheim 2013, p. 360.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Sharpe 1996, p. 363.

References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harushio class submarines.
  • Grove, Eric & Scheina, Robert L. (1995). "Japan". In Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen & Budzbon, Przemysław (eds.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 220–242. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
  • Sharpe, Richard, ed. (1996). Jane's Fighting Ships 1996–97 (99th ed.). Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-1355-5.
  • Wertheim, Eric, ed. (2013). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World (16th ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 9-7-815911-4954-5.
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