February 8

February 8 is the 39th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 326 days remaining until the end of the year (327 in leap years).

Events

Up to 1900

• 421 – Constantius III becomes co–Emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• 1238 – Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
• 1347 – End of the Byzantine Empire's civil war of 1341 to 1347.
• 1575 – The University of Leiden in the Netherlands is founded.
• 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots is esecuted.
• 1601 – Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex fails in an attempt to take over England from Elizabeth I.
• 1676 – Tsar Alexis of Russia dies. His son, Feodor III of Russia, becomes Tsar.
• 1725 – Tsar Peter I of Russia dies.
• 1807 – Napoleonic Wars: In the Battle of Eylau in present–day Poland, Napoleon Bonaparte's French troops defeat the Russians under General Levin August, Count of Bennigsen.
• 1817 – Juan Gregorio de las Heras crosses the Andes with an army to join Jose de San Martin in liberating Chile from Spain.
• 1837 – The United States Senate chooses Richard Mentor Johnson to become Vice President of the United States.
• 1853 – The Oregon Territory is split up, as the northern part becomes the Washington Territory. Oregon becomes a US State in 1859, with Washington doing the same in 1889.
• 1855 – The Devil's Footprints mysteriously appear in Devon.
• 1865 – Delaware votes to continue with the practice of slavery, though it bans it in 1901.
• 1879 – Sandford Fleming proposes the idea of Universal Standard Time at a meeting of the Royal Canadian Institution.
• 1879 – England's national cricket team is attacked in a riot in Sydney, Australia.
• 1885 – The first Japanese immigrants to be allowed in by the then–Hawaiian government, arrive in Hawaii.
• 1887 – The Henry L. Dawes Act allows the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land.

1901 – 1950

• 1904 – A surprise Japanese torpedo attack at Port Arthur, China, starts the Russo-Japanese War.
• 1910 – The Boy Scouts of America is founded by William D. Boyce.
• 1915 – D. W. Griffith's racist silent movie Birth of a Nation is first screened in Los Angeles, California.
• 1922 – Warren G. Harding introduces the first radio in the White House.
• 1924 – The first state execution by gas chamber takes place in Nevada.
• 1937 – The Massacre of Malaga during the Spanish Civil War begins. Over the next few days, an estimated 10,000 people are killed.
• 1942 – World War II: Japan invades Singapore.
• 1945 – World War II: The United Kingdom and Canada start Operation Veritable to occupy the west bank of the Rhine.
• 1946 – The first portion of the Revised Standard Version of the Bible is published.
• 1948 – Official creation of the Korean People's Army in North Korea.
• 1950 – The Stasi, East Germany's secret police, is founded.

1951 – 2000

• 1952 – Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom is proclaimed Queen after the death of her father, King George VI of the United Kingdom, two days earlier.
• 1960 – Queen Elizabeth II issues an Order–in–Council, stating that she and her family would be known as the House of Windsor, and that her descendants would carry the name Mountbatten-Windsor.
• 1960 – The first eight brass star plaques are installed at the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
• 1962 – Charonne massacre: Nine Trade unionists are killed by French police, which had been allowed by the–then chief of Paris police, Maurice Papon.
• 1963 – Travel, financial and commercial transactions by US citizens in Cuba are banned by the John F. Kennedy administration.
• 1963 – The first full–color television programme is broadcast in Mexico City.
• 1963 – Iraq's Prime Minister, Brigadier–General Abdul-Karim Qassem is overthrown by the Ba'ath Party.
• 1965 – Eastern Airlines Flight 663 crashes into the Atlantic Ocean shortly after take–off from New York John F. Kennedy International Airport, after trying to avoid a mid–air collision. All on board are killed.
• 1968 – An attack on African American students from South Carolina State University, protesting in Orangeburg, South Carolina, kills 3 or 4.
• 1969 – The so–called Allende meteorite lands in Chihuahua State, Mexico.
• 1971 – South Vietnamese ground forces enter Laos.
• 1971 – The NASDAQ stock market index opens.
• 1974 – After 84 days in space, the crew of Skylab 4 returns to Earth.
• 1974 – A military coup occurs in Upper Volta, present–day Burkina Faso.
• 1978 – United States Senate proceedings are broadcast on radio for the first time.
• 1979 – Denis Sassou-Nguesso is elected President of the Republic of the Congo.
• 1981 – 21 football fans are trampled to death in Neo Faliro, Greece, after a match between Olympiakos and AEK Athens.
• 1983 – After a record–breaking drought, the city of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia is affected by a dust storm, and a red dust cloud hangs over the city.
• 1984 – The 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo begin.
• 1986 – The Hinton train collision in southern Alberta, Canada, kills 23 people.
• 1989 – An Independent Air Boeing 707 crashes into Pico Alto Mountain on Santa Maria island, Azores.
• 1992 – The 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France, begin.
• 1993 – A plane crash in Tehran kills 115 people.
• 1996 – The massive internet collaboration "24 Hours in Cyberspace" takes place.

From 2001

• 2002 – The 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah, begin.
• 2010 – A freak storm in the Hindu Kush, Afghanistan, causes a series of at least 36 avalanches, killing at least 172 people, and trapping many travelers in the region.
• 2013 – A strong winter storm affects the northeastern United States.

Births

Up to 1800

• 120 – Vettius Valens, Greek astrologer (d. 175)
• 412 – Proclus, Greek philosopher (d. 485)
• 1191 – Yaroslav II of Russia (d. 1246)
• 1291 – Afonso IV of Portugal (d. 1357)
• 1405 – Constantine XI Palaiologus, last Emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 1453)
• 1487 – Ulrich, Duke of Württemberg (d. 1550)
• 1586 – Jacob Praetorius, German composer (d. 1651)
• 1612 – Samuel Butler, English poet (d. 1680)
• 1649 – Gabriel Daniel, French historian (d. 1728)
• 1677 – Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (d. 1756)
• 1700 – Daniel Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and physicist (d. 1782)
• 1708 – Vaclav Jan Kopriva, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1789)
• 1720 – Emperor Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1750)
• 1754 – Isaac Tichenor, Governor of Vermont (d. 1838)
• 1762 – Gia Long, Emperor of Vietnam (d. 1820)
• 1792 – Carolina Augusta of Bavaria (d. 1873)
• 1798 – Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia (d. 1849)

1801 – 1900

• 1804 – Richard Lemon Lander, English explorer (d. 1834)
• 1807 – Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins, English sculptor and naturalist (d. 1889)
• 1818 – Austin Blair, Governor of Michigan (d. 1894)
• 1819 – John Ruskin, English writer (d. 1900)
• 1820 – William Tecumseh Sherman, American Union General (d. 1891)
• 1822 – Maxime Du Camp, French photographer and journalist (d. 1894)
• 1825 – Henry Walter Bates, English scientist (d. 1892)
• 1828 – Jules Verne, French writer (d. 1905)
• 1828 – Antonio Canovas del Castillo, Spanish politician (d. 1897)
• 1830 – Abdulaziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1876)
• 1834 – Dmitri Mendeleev, Russian chemist (d. 1907)
• 1849 – Arisitide Cavallari, Italian cardinal and archbishop (d. 1914)
• 1850 – Kate Chopin, American writer (d. 1904)
• 1861 – Harry Ward Leonard, American engineer and inventor (d. 1915)
• 1866 – Moses Gomberg, Russian–born American chemist (d. 1947)
• 1876 – Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (d. 1907)
• 1878 – Martin Buber, Austrian–Israeli philosopher (d. 1965)
• 1880 – Franz Marc, German painter (d. 1916)
• 1880 – Viktor Schwanneke, German stage director, stage and movie actor (d. 1931)
• 1882 – Thomas Etholen Selfridge, American military officer and airplane crash victim (d. 1908)
• 1883 – Joseph Schumpeter, Austrian economist (d. 1950)
• 1884 – Reginald Baker, Australian athlete and actor (d. 1953)
• 1886 – Charles Ruggles, American actor (d. 1970)
• 1888 – Jakob Kaiser, German politician and activist (d. 1961)
• 1890 – Claro M. Recto, Filipino statesman (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Ralph Chubb, British poet, artist and printmaker (d. 1960)
• 1893 – Ba Maw, Burmese politician (d. 1977)
• 1894 – Ludwig Marcuse, German writer and philosopher (d. 1971)
• 1894 – King Vidor, American movie director (d. 1982)
• 1897 – Zakir Hussain, 3rd President of India (d. 1969)
• 1899 – Lonnie Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1970)
• 1900 – Ivan Ivanov-Vano, Russian animator and director (d. 1987)

1901 – 1950

• 1902 – Demchugdongrub, Mongolian politician (d. 1966)
• 1903 – Greta Keller, Austrian–American singer and actress (d. 1977)
• 1903 – Aleksander Mitt, Estonian speed skater (d. 1942)
• 1906 – Chester Carlson, American physicist and inventor (d. 1968)
• 1909 – Elisabeth Murdoch, mother of Rupert Murdoch (d. 2012)
• 1911 – Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (d. 1979)
• 1911 – Big Joe Turner, American singer (d. 1985)
• 1913 – Betty Field, American actress (d. 1973)
• 1914 – Bill Finger, American comic writer (d. 1974)
• 1920 – Bill Bemer, American computer programmer (d. 2004)
• 1921 – Lana Turner, American actress (d. 1995)
• 1921 – Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi of Commonwealth Congregations (d. 1999)
• 1921 – Eddie Rutherford, Scottish footballer (d. 2007)
• 1922 – Yuri Averbakh, Russian chess player
• 1924 – Khamtai Siphandone, former President of Laos
• 1925 – Jack Lemmon, American actor and movie director (d. 2001)
• 1926 – Neal Cassidy, American writer (d. 1968)
• 1928 – Vyacheslav Tikhonov, Russian actor (d. 2009)
• 1928 – Jack Larson, American actor, screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
• 1929 – Claude Rich, French actor (d. 2017)
• 1930 – Catherine Hardy Lavender, American athlete (d. 2017)
• 1931 – James Dean, American actor (d. 1955)
• 1932 – Horst Eckel, German footballer
• 1932 – John Williams, American composer and director
• 1932 – Cliff Allison, British racing driver (d. 2005)
• 1933 – Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano
• 1933 – Jack Larson, American actor
• 1936 – Larry Verne, American singer
• 1937 – Manfred Krug, German actor (d. 2016)
• 1937 – Harry Wu, Chinese activist (d. 2016)
• 1941 – Jagjit Singh, Indian musician (d. 2011)
• 1941 – Nick Nolte, American actor
• 1941 – Tom Rush, American singer and songwriter
• 1944 – Roger Lloyd-Pack, British actor (d. 2014)
• 1945 – Kinza Clodumar, former President of Nauru
• 1947 – John Roll, American judge (d. 2011)
• 1947 – Yi Zhongtian, Chinese writer
• 1948 – Ron Tyson, American singer
• 1948 – Lynda Lyon Block, American convicted murderer (d. 2002)
• 1949 – Brooke Adams, American actress

1951 – 1975

• 1951 – Rosario Crocetta, Italian politician, former President of Sicily
• 1952 – Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer (d. 2014)
• 1952 – Carolyn Pickles, British actress
• 1953 – Mary Steenburgen, American actress
• 1955 – John Grisham, American writer
• 1955 – Nancy Oliver, American playwright and television writer
• 1956 – Marques Johnson, American basketball player
• 1957 – Mehmet Ali Erbil, Turkish comedian, actor and talk show host
• 1958 – Marina Silva, Brazilian environmental activist and politician
• 1958 – Sherri Martel, American professional wrestler (d. 2007)
• 1959 – Irina Kalinina, Soviet–Russian diver
• 1959 – Mauricio Macri, Argentine businessman and politician, President of Argentina
• 1960 – Benigno Aquino III, former President of the Philippines (d. 2021)
• 1960 – Alfred Gusenbauer, former Chancellor of Austria
• 1960 – Dino Ciccarelli, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1961 – Vince Neil, American singer
• 1961 – Bruce Timm, American character designer, animator and producer
• 1963 – Mohammad Azharuddin, Indian cricketer
• 1963 – Jon Hjartarson, Icelandic chess player
• 1964 – Trinny Woodall, British fashion designer, author and television personality
• 1966 – Bruno Labbadia, German footballer
• 1966 – Hristo Stoichkov, Bulgarian footballer
• 1967 – Lorenzo Minotti, Italian footballer
• 1968 – Gary Coleman, American actor (d. 2010)
• 1969 – Mary McCormack, American actress
• 1971 – Andrus Veerpalu, Estonian cross–country skier
• 1971 – Aidy Boothroyd, English footballer and manager
• 1972 – Big Show, American wrestler and actor
• 1974 – Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, French disc jockey (Daft Punk)
• 1974 – Seth Green, American actor
• 1974 – Kimbo Slice, American mixed martial artist (d. 2016)
• 1974 – Ulises de la Cruz, Ecuadorean footballer

From 1976

• 1976 – Khaled Mashud, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1976 – Adam Pialt, American baseball player
• 1976 – Abi Titmuss, English glamour model
• 1977 – Sverre Andreas Jakobsson, Icelandic handball player
• 1977 – Mathieu Turcotte, Canadian short–track speed skater
• 1977 – Dave Farrell, American musician
• 1979 – Aaron Cook, American baseball player
• 1979 – Josh Keaton, American actor and singer
• 1980 – Ralf Little, English actor and comedian
• 1981 – Steve Gohouri, Ivorian footballer (d. 2015)
• 1982 – Liam McIntyre, Australian actor
• 1983 – Cory Jane, New Zealand rugby player
• 1983 – Olga Syahputra, Indonesian comedian (d. 2015)
• 1983 – Jim Verraros, American singer and actor
• 1984 – Manuel Osborne-Paradis, Canadian alpine skier
• 1984 – Panagiotis Vasilopoulos, Greek basketball player
• 1985 – Jeremy Davis, American musician (Paramore)
• 1987 – Jessica Jerome, American ski jumper
• 1987 – Carolina Kostner, Italian ice skater
• 1987 – Francisco Javier Garcia, Spanish footballer
• 1988 – Nozomi Sasaki, Japanese model
• 1989 – Dani Harmer, English actress
• 1990 – Bethany Hamilton, American surfer
• 1990 – Klay Thompson, American basketball player
• 1991 – Nam Woo-hyun, South Korean singer, composer, songwriter and actor
• 1992 – Carl Jenkinson, English footballer
• 1994 – Nikki Yanofsky, Canadian jazz and pop singer-songwriter
• 1995 – Joshua Kimmich, German footballer
• 1995 – Jordan Todosey, Canadian actress
• 1996 – Kenedy, Brazilian footballer
• 1997 – Kathryn Newton, American actress

Deaths

Up to 1900

• 1204 – Alexius IV Angelus, Eastern Roman Emperor (b. 1182)
• 1250 – Robert I, Count of Artois (b. 1216)
• 1265 – Hulagu Khan, Mongol ruler (b. 1217)
• 1296 – King Przemysl II of Poland (b. 1257)
• 1572 – Cho Shik, Korean scholar, politician, educator and poet (b. 1501)
• 1587 – Mary, Queen of Scots (b. 1542)
• 1640 – Murad IV, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1612)
• 1676 – Alexis of Russia (b. 1629)
• 1696 – Ivan V of Russia (b. 1666)
• 1709 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658)
• 1725 – Peter I of Russia (b. 1672)
• 1749 – Jan van Huysum, Dutch painter (b. 1682)
• 1750 – Aaron Hill, English writer (b. 1685)
• 1768 – George Dance the Elder, English architect (b. 1695)
• 1772 – Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (b. 1719)
• 1849 – France Preseren, Slovenian poet (b. 1800)
• 1849 – Francois Antoine Habeneck, French violinist (b. 1781)
• 1856 – Agostino Bassi, Italian entomologist (b. 1773)
• 1887 – Charles Wilkes, American naval officer and polar explorer (b. 1798)

1901 – 2000

• 1918 – Louis Renault, French jurist (b. 1843)
• 1921 – Peter Kropotkin, Russian anarchist (b. 1842)
• 1932 – Yordan Milanov, Bulgarian architect (b. 1867)
• 1935 – Max Liebermann, German painter (b. 1847)
• 1936 – Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (b. 1860)
• 1956 – Connie Mack, American baseball manager and executive (b. 1862)
• 1957 – Walther Bothe, German physicist (b. 1891)
• 1957 – John von Neumann, Hungarian mathematician and physicist (b. 1903)
• 1960 – Giles Gilbert Scott, English architect and designer (b. 1880)
• 1963 – George Dolenz, American actor (b. 1908)
• 1965 – Wayne Estes, American basketball player (b. 1943)
• 1972 – Markos Vamvakaris, Greek musician and songwriter (b. 1905)
• 1975 – Robert Robinson, British chemist (b. 1886)
• 1978 – Sam H. Jones, Governor of Louisiana (b. 1897)
• 1979 – Dennis Gabor, Hungarian physicist (b. 1900)
• 1985 – William Lyons, British entrepreneur (b. 1901)
• 1990 – Del Shannon, American entertainer (b. 1934)
• 1992 – Stanley Armour Dunham, grandfather of Barack Obama (b. 1918)
• 1992 – Denny Wright, British jazz guitarist (b. 1924)
• 1994 – Raymond Scott, American composer (b. 1908)
• 1994 – Ken G. Hall, Australian movie director and producer (b. 1901)
• 1998 – Halldor Laxness, Icelandic writer (b. 1902)
• 1998 – Enoch Powell, British politician (b. 1912)
• 1998 – Julian Lincoln Simon, American economist and writer (b. 1932)
• 1999 – Iris Murdoch, Irish writer (b. 1919)

From 2001

• 2001 – Ivo Caprino, Norwegian movie director and writer (b. 1920)
• 2002 – Ong Teng Cheong Sing, President of Singapore (b. 1936)
• 2005 – Keith Knudsen, American drummer and singer-songwriter (b. 1948)
• 2006 – Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer (b. 1914)
• 2007 – Anna Nicole Smith, American actress and model (b. 1967)
• 2009 – Marian Cozma, Romanian handball player (b. 1982)
• 2010 – John Murtha, American politician (b. 1932)
• 2011 – Cesare Rubini, Italian water polo player, basketball player and coach (b. 1923)
• 2013 – Giovanni Cheli, Italian cardinal (b. 1918)
• 2014 – Maicon Pereira de Oliveira, Brazilian footballer (b. 1988)
• 2014 – Els Borst, Dutch politician (b. 1932)
• 2015 – Müzeyyen Senar, Turkish singer (b. 1918)
• 2015 – Rauni-Leena Luukanen-Kilde, Finnish parapsychologist (b. 1939)
• 2016 – Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (b. 1914)
• 2016 – Nida Fazli, Indian poet (b. 1937)
• 2016 – Charles C. Campbell, American general (b. 1948)
• 2016 – Johnny Duncan, American actor (b. 1923)
• 2016 – August P. Mardesich, American politician (b. 1920)
• 2016 – Viggo Rivad, Danish photographer (b. 1922)
• 2016 – Violette Verdy, French ballerina (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Tara Palmer-Tomkinson, English socialite and television personality (b. 1971)
• 2017 – Peter Mansfield, English physicist (b. 1933)
• 2017 – Brendan McGahon, Irish politician (b. 1936)
• 2017 – Alan Simpson, English comedy scriptwriter (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Steve Sumner, English–New Zealand footballer (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Mikhail Tolstykh, Ukrainian military commander (b. 1980)
• 2017 – Mohamud Muse Hersi, Somali politician, President of Puntland (b. 1937)
• 2017 – Tom Raworth, British poet and visual artist (b. 1938)
• 2018 – John Martinkovic, American football player (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Ebony Reigns, Ghanaian singer (b. 1997)
• 2018 – Lovebug Starski, American rapper and DJ (b. 1960)

Observances

• Preseren Day (Slovenia)