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Extended reality

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused with Computer-mediated reality.

Types of extended reality
Augmented reality (AR)
Mixed reality (MR)
Virtual reality (VR)
From top to bottom: Augmented reality through a handheld device, augmented reality through a headset, and virtual reality

Extended reality (XR) is an umbrella term to "encompass and interpolate between the other realities", such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), mixed/mediated reality (MR), and physical reality[1][2][3]. See also [4][5] The technology is intended to combine or mirror the physical world with a "digital twin world" able to interact with it,[6][7] giving users an immersive experience by being in a virtual or augmented environment.

The first usage of the term "extended reality" was in reference to the use of technology to extrapolate (extend) beyond typical human perception, e.g. allowing us to see sound waves, radio waves, and otherwise invisible phenomena.[8]

XR is rapidly growing beyond an academic discipline, and is now having real-world impact in medicine,[9][10] architecture,[11] education,[12] industry,[13] and is being applied in a wide range of areas such as entertainment, cinema, marketing, real estate, manufacturing,[14] education, maintenance[15] and remote work.[16] Extended reality has the ability to be used for joint effort in the workplace, training, educational purposes, therapeutic treatments, and data exploration and analysis.

Extended reality works by using visual data acquisition that is either accessed locally or shared and transfers over a network and to the human senses. By enabling real-time responses in a virtual stimulus these devices create customized experiences.

Extended Reality can be applied not only to humans as a subject, but also to technology as a subject, where the subject (whether human or technology) can have its sensory capacity extended by placing it in a closed feedback loop. This form of Extended Intelligence is called veillametrics.[17][18]

In 2018 the BBC launched a research project to capture and document the barriers present in extended reality environments.[19]

The International Institute of MetaNumismatics (INIMEN) studies the applications of extended reality technologies in numismatic research, with a dedicated department.[20]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Wearable Artificial Intelligence and Spatial Extended Reality for Humanity and Earth, IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Pages 4-8, 2162-2248 © 2025 IEEE. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Published by the IEEE Consumer Technology Society, Free open-access link: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11274497
  2. ^ Uğurluer, Simge, and Mert Seven. "A bibliometric analysis of extended reality research trends in communication studies written in English: Mapping the increasing adoption of extended reality technologies." Connectist: Istanbul University Journal of Communication Sciences 66 (2024): 147-181.
  3. ^ Hoffmann, Peter. "The Merging of Worlds and… of Immersion." Next Generation Internet: The Merging of Reality and Virtuality in the Metaverse. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2025. 25-77.
  4. ^ Vohra, Manisha, ed. (2025). Introduction to Extended Reality (XR) Technologies. John Wiley & Sons.
  5. ^ Marr, Bernard (2021). Extended reality in practice: 100+ amazing ways virtual, augmented and mixed reality are changing business and society. John Wiley & Sons.
  6. ^ Tu, Xinyi (2023). "TwinXR: Method for using digital twin descriptions in industrial eXtended reality applications". Frontiers in Virtual Reality. 4. doi:10.3389/frvir.2023.1019080. ISSN 2673-4192.
  7. ^ Casini, Marco (2022). "Extended Reality for Smart Building Operation and Maintenance: A Review". Energies. 15 (10): 3785. doi:10.3390/en15103785. hdl:11573/1637935. ISSN 1996-1073.
  8. ^ Mann, Steve, and Charles Wyckoff. "Extended reality." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1991): 4-405.
  9. ^ Andrews, Christopher, Michael K. Southworth, Jennifer NA Silva, and Jonathan R. Silva. "Extended reality in medical practice." Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine 21 (2019): 1-12.
  10. ^ Morimoto, Tadatsugu, Takaomi Kobayashi, Hirohito Hirata, Koji Otani, Maki Sugimoto, Masatsugu Tsukamoto, Tomohito Yoshihara, Masaya Ueno, and Masaaki Mawatari. "XR (extended reality: virtual reality, augmented reality, mixed reality) technology in spine medicine: status quo and quo vadis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 2 (2022): 470.
  11. ^ Trindade, Nuno Verdelho, Alfredo Ferreira, João Madeiras Pereira, and Sérgio Oliveira. "Extended reality in AEC." Automation in Construction 154 (2023): 105018.
  12. ^ Alnagrat, Ahmed, Rizalafande Che Ismail, Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus, and Rawad Mansour Abdulhafith Alfaqi. "A review of extended reality (XR) technologies in the future of human education: Current trend and future opportunity." Journal of Human Centered Technology 1, no. 2 (2022): 81-96.
  13. ^ Vasarainen, Minna, Sami Paavola, and Liubov Vetoshkina. "A systematic literature review on extended reality..." Internationa Journal of Virtual Reality 21, no. 2 (2021): 1-28.
  14. ^ Doolani, Sanika, Callen Wessels, Varun Kanal, Christos Sevastopoulos, Ashish Jaiswal, Harish Nambiappan, and Fillia Makedon. "A review of extended reality (xr) technologies for manufacturing training." Technologies 8, no. 4 (2020): 77.
  15. ^ Coupry, Corentin (2021). "BIM-Based Digital Twin and XR Devices to Improve Maintenance Procedures in Smart Buildings: A Literature Review". Applied Sciences. 11 (15): 6810. doi:10.3390/app11156810. ISSN 2076-3417.
  16. ^ Chuah, Stephanie Hui-Wen (2018). "Why and Who Will Adopt Extended Reality Technology? Literature Review, Synthesis, and Future Research Agenda". SSRN 3300469.
  17. ^ Janzen, R. et al. (2018, August). “Painting with the eyes”: Sensory perception flux time-integrated on the physical world. In 2018 IEEE Games, Entertainment, Media Conference (GEM) (pp. 239-245). IEEE.
  18. ^ Janzen, Ryan Edward. Extended intelligence and mediated reality veillametrics in the space, time, frequency, and amplitude domains. University of Toronto (Canada), 2019.
  19. ^ "XR Barriers Research - Accessibility for Products - BBC". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved January 31, 2025.
  20. ^ International Institute of MetaNumismatics, INIMEN Report 1 (2019-2024)

Sources

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  • Vinod Baya; Erik Sherman. "The road ahead for augmented reality". pwc.
  • Pereira, Fernando. "Deep Learning-Based Extended Reality: Making Humans and Machines Speak the Same Visual Language." In Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on Interactive eXtended Reality, 1–2. IXR ’22. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1145/3552483.3555366.
  • United States Government Accountability Office. Extended Reality Technologies. Science & Tech Spotlight. Washington, D.C: GAO, Science, Technology Assessment, and Analytics, 2022.
  • Boel, Carl, Kim Dekeyser, Fien Depaepe, Luis Quintero, Tom van Daele, and Brenda Wiederhold. Extended Reality: Opportunities, Success Stories and Challenges (Health, Education) : Executive Summary. Luxembourg: Publications Office, 2023. https://op.europa.eu/publication/manifestation_identifier/PUB_KK0722997ENN.
  • Sayler, Kelley M. "Military Applications of Extended Reality." IF 12010. Washington, D.C: Congressional Research Service, 2022.
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