Citharidae

Citharidae; Temporal range: Eocene–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Citharoides macrolepis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Clade:	Percomorpha
Order:	Carangiformes
Suborder:	Pleuronectoidei
Family:	Citharidae; de Buen, 1935
Type genus
	Citharus; Artedi, 1793
Subfamilies
	Brachypleurinae; Citharinae;

The Citharidae or largescale flounders are a small family of flounders with four genera. Three genera are restricted to the Indo-Pacific, while Citharus is from the Mediterranean and East Atlantic (off northwest Africa). There are a total of seven species. Species reach lengths ranging between 14 and 36 centimetres (5.5 and 14.2 in).^[1]

Taxa include:

Subfamily Brachypleurinae
- Genus Brachypleura
  - Brachypleura novaezeelandiae – yellow-dabbled flounder
- Genus Lepidoblepharon
  - Lepidoblepharon ophthalmolepis – scale-eyed flounder
Subfamily Citharinae
- Genus Citharoides
  - Citharoides axillaris
  - Citharoides macrolepidotus – branched ray flounder
  - Citharoides macrolepis – twospot largescale flounder
  - Citharoides orbitalis
- Genus Citharus
  - Citharus linguatula – spotted flounder

The extinct genus †Rhombocitharus Schwarzhans, 1994 is known from fossil otoliths from the early-mid Eocene of Denmark, the Oligocene of Germany, and the Oligocene to Miocene of New Zealand.^[2]^[3]

References

^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Citharidae de Buen, 1935". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-02-01.
^ Schwarzhans, Werner (2007-11-29). "Otoliths from casts from the Eocene Lillebaelt Clay Formation of Trelde Naes near Fredericia (Denmark), with remarks on the diet of stomatopods". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 246 (1): 69–81. Bibcode:2007NJGPA.246...69S. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0246-0069. ISSN 0077-7749.
^ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2025-07-23.

Joseph S. Nelson: Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7.

External links

Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Citharidae". FishBase. October 2012 version.

[1] "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Citharidae de Buen, 1935". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2025-02-01.

[2] Schwarzhans, Werner (2007-11-29). "Otoliths from casts from the Eocene Lillebaelt Clay Formation of Trelde Naes near Fredericia (Denmark), with remarks on the diet of stomatopods". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 246 (1): 69–81. Bibcode:2007NJGPA.246...69S. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2007/0246-0069. ISSN 0077-7749.

[3] "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2025-07-23.

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