Jump to content

Blekinge-class submarine

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Class overview
NameBlekinge class
BuildersSaab Kockums (Karlskrona shipyard)
Operators Swedish Navy
Preceded byGotland class
Succeeded byProjekt A30[1][2]
Cost
  • ‹See Tfd›SEK 25 billion (2025) for 2 units
  • ‹See Tfd›SEK 12.5 billion (2025) per unit
  • ‹See Tfd›US$1.31 billion (2025) per unit
In servicePlanned to enter service in 2031 / 2033[3]
Planned2
Building2
Completed0
General characteristics
TypeHunter-killer submarine (ISR, seabed operations)
Displacement
  • 1,925 tonnes (surfaced)[4]
  • 2,100 tonnes (submerged)[5]
Length66.1 m (216 ft 10 in)
Beam6.75 m (22 ft 2 in)
Draught6 m (19 ft 8 in)
Decks2
Propulsion
  • 1 shaft with 1 propeller, driven by:
  • Stirling engines (AIP):
    • 4 × Kockums MkV V4-275R[6]
  • Diesel engines (diesel-electric)
    • 2 × engines
Speedlist error: <br /> list (help)
6 kn (11 km/h) on AIP
20 km/h (12 mph) on diesel-electric propulsion [7]
Endurance45 days (18 days underwater with AIP)[citation needed]
Complement17–26 (35 with special forces)[8][7]
Sensors &
processing systems
  • Sonars:
    • Atlas Elektronik:[9]
      • Bow sonar
      • Conform flank array sonar
      • HF intercept sonar arrays
    • Kongsberg
      • SA9510S Mine Avoidance and Navigation Sonar
      • EM2040 multibeam echo sounder, side-scan sonar, sub-bottom profiler and hydrographic echo sounders
  • Masts:
    • Sagem Safran Series 30 optronic surveillance mast[10]
  • Drones (deported sensors):
    • Saab LUUV (Larger uncrewed underwater vehicle)[11]
Armament
NotesMulti-mission Portal[6] used to launch special forces and larger underwater drones

The Blekinge-class submarine is the next generation of submarines developed by Kockums for the Swedish Navy,[15] also known as the A26 type.[16]

First planned at the beginning of the 1990s, the project was called "U-båt 2000" and was intended to be ready by the late 1990s or early 2000. With the end of the Cold War the naval threat from the Soviet Union disappeared and the new submarine class was deemed unnecessary.[17] The project lay dormant for years until the mid-2000s when the need for a replacement for the Södermanland class became apparent. Originally the Scandinavian countries had intended to collaborate on the Viking class, but Denmark's withdrawal from submarine operations[citation needed] meant that Kockums proceeded on their own.[citation needed]

In February 2014, the project was cancelled because of disagreements between Kockums's new German owners, ThyssenKrupp, and the Swedish government. ThyssenKrupp refused to send a complete offer to any potential buyer and demanded that each buyer pay for the entire development rather than sharing the cost.[18] The cancellation resulted in the Kockums equipment repossession incident on 8 April 2014. As per protocol, the Swedish government repossessed all equipment belonging to Defence Materiel Administration (Sweden), as well as all secret blueprints and images, using an armed escort. By orders from a manager, Kockums staff tried to sabotage the repossession by locking the gates with the repossession crew and escort still inside.[18][19]

On 18 March 2015, Maritime Today reported that the project was restarted after the Swedish government placed a formal order for two A26 submarines for a maximum total cost of SEK 8.2 bn (approximately US$945 million as of 18 March 2015). According to the article, a Letter of Intent (LOI) had earlier been signed by Saab and FMV (The Swedish Defence Material Administration) in June 2014 regarding the Swedish Armed Forces’ underwater capability for the period 2015–2024. Saab has since acquired Kockums.[20] The order in question for the two A26 submarines has been placed with what is now "Saab Kockums."[21][22] These were to be delivered no later than 2022, a date subsequently pushed back, initially to 2024–25[23] and subsequently even further to 2027–28.[24] In October 2025, the delivery date was announced to be pushed back further to 2031 and 2033.[3]

History

[edit]

On 25 February 2010, Kockums AB signed a contract with the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) concerning the overall design phase of the next-generation submarine. Kockums CEO, Ola Alfredsson, stated "This is an important first step, not only for Kockums, but for the Swedish Armed Forces as a whole. We shall now be able to maintain our position at the cutting edge of submarine technology, which is vital in the light of current threat scenarios."[25][26]

On 11 April 2010, the Swedish Defence minister Sten Tolgfors announced plans to acquire two new submarines to be commissioned in 2018–19 replacing the two submarines of the Södermanland class. The plans also included a Mid-Life Upgrade program of two submarines of the Gotland class. Additional submarines could later be ordered to replace the Gotland class, however this will not be decided before 2020.[27][28]

On 16 June 2010, the Swedish Parliament authorised the government to procure two new submarines.[29][30] Kockums states that construction of two A26 submarines will generate about 170 jobs.[31]

The first submarine was planned to be laid down by the end of 2012, but as of 2013, no submarines have yet been ordered.[32] In September 2013 it was announced that the project had been delayed because of construction issues and the first submarine would not be ready before 2020.[33]

Order cancelled and alternatives

[edit]

On 27 February 2014, the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) cancelled its plans to order the A26 submarine from Kockums. According to FMV the new Kockums owner, the German company Thyssen Krupp has refused to allow Sweden to share the cost with any other nation, making the submarine too expensive. Sweden has instead approached Saab.[34][35] Saab plans to rehire many of Kockums submarine engineers if they receive orders for a new submarine.[36][37] As a result, Saab recruited top people from Kockums and issued a press release that the company was seeking employees for its naval division. In a letter to the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration, FMV, the head of the German ThyssenKrupp Marine Division, Dr. Hans Atzpodien begs FMV to stop Saab from recruiting key personnel from Kockums. On 2 April 2014 the Swedish government officially terminated all talks about a deal with ThyssenKrupp.[38]

On 14 April 2014, about 200 employees had left Thyssen Krupp for Saab and it was reported that Saab and Thyssen Krupp had started to negotiate about selling Kockums.[39] In June 2014 Thyssen Krupp agreed to sell Kockums to Saab.[40]

On 22 July 2014, it was announced that Saab had bought Kockums from Thyssen Krupp for 340 million SEK. The new name will be Saab Kockums.[41]

Swedish purchase

[edit]

In June 2015, as the Swedish defence minister, Peter Hultqvist was visiting the facilities of Saab Kockums, it was announced that two contracts were signed, one including the MLU of two submarines of the Gotland classs, and the other for the purchase of two submarines, worth SEK 8.2 billion (USD $956 million). Back in 2015, the plan was to deliver the two ships in 2022 and in 2024.[42]

In January 2019, the FMV announced that the submarines would be delivered in 2024 and 2025.[43]

In August 2021, the FMV and Saab renegotiated the contract as the costs rose, and the programme was seeing schedule slips. This new agreement included as well capabilities improvements. The order for the pursuit of the development and the production of the two A26 reached SEK 5.2 billion (USD $600 million) for a total cost between the first and second agreement of 14 billion (2021 price level).[3] The delivery was then planned for 2027 and 2028.[44]

In October 2025, a new agreement was made between the FMV and Saab. This new agreement has a new timeline with deliveries in 2031 and 2033, and a fixed cost ceiling of SEK 25 billion.[3]

Design

[edit]

Initial design

[edit]

The new submarine project was intended to be an improved version of the Gotland-class submarine, which will be considered obsolete around 2015–2017 according to Per Skantz, development co-ordinator at the Marine headquarters in Stockholm.[45] The submarine would displace 1,900 tonnes[8] and have a crew complement of between 17 and 31 men.[46] The 2008–2010 military budget memorandum to the Minister for Defence by the Supreme Commander, Håkan Syrén, would require the type to cost no more than the current Gotland-class (about SEK1.5 billion).[45] The new submarine would have blue water capability, something earlier Swedish submarines have lacked. It will be equipped with modified AIP stirling propulsion and GHOST (Genuine HOlistic STealth) technology, making the submarine extremely quiet. It will also be designed to withstand significant shock loads from underwater explosions and would be able to "launch and recover vehicles" through its torpedo tubes.[47][8] The submarine's sail would largely be composed of the same material that was used when constructing the Visby-class corvettes.[48]

Swedish design updated

[edit]

Propulsion

[edit]

The A26 Blekinge will be equipped with the fifth generation of the Saab Kockums AIP (Stirling engine), the Kockums MkV V4-275R.[49]

Weapon systems

[edit]

Saab will implement the "Autonomous Ocean Core" an AI system of systems that will support the crew in:[50]

  • navigation
  • sensor fusion
  • electronic warfare
  • synchronise / operate the unmanned systems in coordination with the crewed systems.

Sensors

[edit]

The first sensor ordered was the Safran Series 30 SOM (Search Optronic Mast). This mast was already ordered as part of the Gotland-class MLU.[10]

Ship on-bord systems

[edit]

The company FAMOR S.A. will supply consoles for the ships of the class. These consoles will be used to operate the ships, and are separate from the weapon system.[51]

Weapons

[edit]

The main weapon will be the torpedoes:

Variants for export

[edit]

Saab Kockums offers three variants with different sizes and expected roles:[52]

  • Pelagic
  • Oceanic
  • Oceanic (Extended Range)

The entire Blekinge-class submarine family has been offered for export, equipped with 18 vertical launch cells for Tomahawk cruise missiles. The VLS would be an added module to the submarine[53]

Boats

[edit]
Name No. Status Contract Keel laid down Launched Comm. Homeport Notes
 Swedish Navy
HSwMS Blekinge — Under construction[54] 30 Jun 2015[42][55] 30 Jun 2022[56][57] – 2031[3] [43][58]
HSwMS Skåne — Under construction[59] – 2035[3] [43][58]
  Planned commissionning

Export

[edit]

Potential clients

[edit]

Greece

[edit]

In May 2025, the Hellenic Navy outlined the expectations for a new generation of submarines.[60] In July 2025, Greece formalised a 12-year modernisation plan worth US$25 billion.[61] This includes the start of a formal process to acquire four submarines to replace its oldest four submarines, 1 Glavkos class (Type 209/1100) and 3 Poseidon class (Type 209/1200).[60]

The known competitors for this programme include:[62]

Poland

[edit]
Main article: Modernization of the Polish Armed Forces § Navy

The Polish Navy is replacing its Orzeł submarine with the Orka programme which was restarted in 2023.[64][65][66][67]

The competitors for this programme include:

Failed bids

[edit]

Australia

[edit]
Main article: Collins-class submarine § Replacement

On 12 September 2014, Saab Kockums proposed a 4,000-ton variant of the submarine, known as the Type 612, for the Royal Australian Navy to replace their ageing Collins-class submarines. The DCNS (now Naval Group) offer based on the Shortfin Barracuda-class submarine was selected instead,[72] however this deal was later rescinded.

Canada

[edit]

A derivative of the Blekinge, the C-71 Expeditionary submarine was offered to the Canadian Navy, but two submarines were pre-selected, the Type 212CD, and the South Korean submarine KSS III. This submarine was offered by a collaboration of Saab and Damen.[73][74]

Netherlands

[edit]
Main article: Walrus-class submarine § Replacement

In December 2014 an agreement was announced by Saab and Damen Shipyards for the joint development of the next-generation of submarines, based on the Type 612 desig).[75]

This cooperation was Initially focused on replacing the four Walrus-class submarines currently in use by the Royal Netherlands Navy. But in March 2024, the Netherlands selected the Barracuda-class submarines from Naval Group.[76] TKMS, the other competitor in the programme objected in court against the selection of the Barracuda, but the court upheld the decision of the Ministry of Defence (July 2024).[77] The contract for the purchase of the four submarines was signed in September 2024.[77]

Norway

[edit]
Main article: Ula-class submarine § Replacement

The Royal Norwegian Navy had shown interest in the project, but ended up ordering the Type 212CD submarine from ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems.[78][79][80]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Sweden Submarine Capabilities". The Nuclear Threat Initiative. 21 August 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  2. ^ Häggblom, Robin (29 April 2024). "Sweden Looking at More Surface Combatants and Submarines". Naval News. Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "FMV tecknar uppdaterat kontrakt för ubåt typ A26". www.fmv.se (in Swedish). 13 October 2025. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  4. ^ "Ubåt A26". www.fmv.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 20 April 2025.
  5. ^ Page 4 - https://cdn.asp.events/CLIENT_Defence__8EE24275_D70D_4386_936BB8991B847FF8/sites/Navy-Leaders-2022/media/CNE23-Slide-Library/ST-Stream---Day-1---1715----Cdr-Cenneth-Gunnarsson---FMV---A26.pdf
  6. ^ a b "A-26 Blekinge Class Next Generation AIP Attack Submarine". Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  7. ^ a b "Blekinge (A26) class Submarine". Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  8. ^ a b c "A26 Submarine type A26" (PDF). Kockums. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  9. ^ "Finding the edge: sonar technologies and programmes". 10 April 2024.
  10. ^ a b "Sagem to Supply New-Generation Optronic Masts for Royal Swedish Navy Submarines". ASDnews. 12 October 2015.
  11. ^ "FMV tecknar kontrakt för utveckling av autonom undervattensfarkost". www.fmv.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 29 August 2025.
  12. ^ a b "Saab Receives Order for Torpedo 62 Life Extension". Start. Retrieved 23 June 2025.
  13. ^ a b "Livstidsförlängning av tungt torpedsystem". www.fmv.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 5 April 2025.
  14. ^ a b Scott, Richard (10 March 2025). "Sweden's torpedo development roadmap charts new heavyweight course". Naval News. Retrieved 27 May 2025.
  15. ^ "Kockums A26: Designed to Meet Future Challenges". Saab Group. Archived from the original on 13 April 2015. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  16. ^ Jaime Karremann (17 April 2020). "Blekingeklasse (A26) onderzeeboten (Zweden)". Marineschepen.nl (in Dutch).
  17. ^ "dead link".
  18. ^ a b Sköld, Josefin (5 May 2014). "Sanningen om den hemliga gryningsräden mot Kockums". Dagens Nyheter. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  19. ^ Svennson, Gunnar (20 May 2014). "Sanningen om räden mot Kockums". Blekinge läns tidning. Retrieved 27 January 2020.
  20. ^ Abrahamson, Håkan. "Klart att Saab köper Kockums" [Clearly Saab buying Kockums] (in Swedish). SE: Ny Teknik. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 May 2015.
  21. ^ Hallberg, Michelle (17 March 2015). "Saab Kockums får ny beställning på 2 ubåtar". SVT. Archived from the original on 18 March 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  22. ^ Runol, Runol (17 March 2015). "Nya ubåtar ska utvecklas i Malmö". Sydsvenska Dagbladet. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  23. ^ Karlsson, Jenny (17 March 2015). "Regeringen köper två nya ubåtar till 2022". Omni. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  24. ^ "Saab, FMV, renegotiate a 26 submarine contract as costs rise, schedule slips". Jane’s. 31 August 2021.
  25. ^ "Sweden Launches Next-Generation Submarine Project". Defence talk. 26 February 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  26. ^ "Kockums konstruerar spionubåtar" [Kockums constructs spy submarines]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå. 25 February 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  27. ^ Karlberg, Lars Anders (12 April 2010). "Tolgfors beställer nya ubåtar och nya helikoptrar" [Tolgfors order new submarines and new helicopters]. Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 16 June 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  28. ^ "Sverige ska satsa på nya ubåtar" [Sweden to invest in new submarines]. Svenska Dagbladet (in Swedish). 11 April 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  29. ^ "Swedish Parliament Approves Procuring of New Submarines". defencetalk.com. 24 June 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  30. ^ "Riksdagen tar beslut om nya ubåtar" [The Riksdag decides on new submarines] (in Swedish). Kockums. 16 June 2010. Archived from the original on 13 August 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  31. ^ "Kockums hoppas på ubåtsaffär" [Kockums hope for submarine business]. DI (in Swedish). 28 March 2013.
  32. ^ "Svensk mästare på kurragömma" [Swedish champion at hide and seek]. Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  33. ^ Kleja, Monica (18 September 2013). "Superubåten A26 försenad" [Super Submarine A26 delayed]. Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2013..
  34. ^ Lindgren, Marianne (27 February 2014). "Allt det senaste om Kockums: FMV avbryter ubåtsförhandling" [All the latest about Kockums: FMV breaks off submarine negotiations]. SvD Näringsliv (in Swedish). p. 7..
  35. ^ Bjarke, Louise, ed. (27 February 2014) [2014-02-26 20 h 23]. "FMV beställer strategi för undervattensområdet" [FMV orders strategy for the underwater sector] (in Swedish). FMV. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014..
  36. ^ "Blir Saab räddningen för 250 ubåtsingenjörer?" [Will Saab save 250 submarine engineers?]. Veckans Affärer (in Swedish). 3 March 2014..
  37. ^ Lindgren, Marianne (10 March 2014). "Allt det senaste om Kockums: Saab tar över ingenjörer från Kockums" [All the latest about Kockums: Saab takes on engineers from Kockums]. SvD Näringsliv (in Swedish). p. 11..
  38. ^ Knutson, Mats; Benigh, Love (2 April 2014). "Regeringen stoppar planerad ubåtsaffär" [Government stops scheduled submarine business]. SVT (in Swedish)..
  39. ^ Logothetis, Afroditi (14 April 2014). "Saab köper Kockums" [Saab buys Kockums]. DI (in Swedish)..
  40. ^ "Thyßen Krupp sells Swedish shipyards to Saab". Defense news. 30 June 2014. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014..
  41. ^ "Saabs köp av Kockums klart" [Saab's purchase of Kockums clear]. SvD Näringsliv (in Swedish). 22 July 2014..
  42. ^ a b "Saab Signs Contracts for A26 Submarines and Mid-life Upgrade for Gotland-class Submarines". Start. 30 June 2015. Archived from the original on 25 January 2025. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  43. ^ a b c "Sweden's Future A26 Submarines Named HSwMS Blekinge And HSwMS Skåne". Naval News. 21 January 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  44. ^ "Saab Receives Further Order for the A26 Submarine for Sweden". Start. 27 August 2021. Archived from the original on 12 August 2025. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  45. ^ a b Karlberg, Lars Anders (1 March 2007). "ÖB vill ha Kockums nya tysta u-båt A26" [Supreme Commander wants Kockums' new silent submarine A26]. Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  46. ^ Kleja, Monica (21 December 2007). "Kockums fick ja till ny smygubåt" [Kockums got yes for new stealth submarine]. Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 8 June 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  47. ^ "The Way Forward". Nordkaparen. [permanent dead link].
  48. ^ "Kompositskrov även i superubåten" [Composite Hull also in super submarine]. Ny Teknik (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 18 January 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2012.
  49. ^ Valpolini, Paolo (30 August 2019). "Saab Kockums maintains the edge". EDR Magazine. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  50. ^ "A new era of underwater warfare. Saab's Autonomous Ocean drone". dailymare.com (in Polish). Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  51. ^ Wyrzykowski, Krystian (9 December 2024). "FAMOR to equip A26 submarines being built by SAAB KOCKUMS". Poland at Sea – maritime economy portal. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  52. ^ "Saab Expands its A26 Submarine Offer with now Three Variants to Choose From". Navy Recognition. 31 August 2017.
  53. ^ Yeo, Mike (17 May 2017). "Saab A26 submarine gets vertical launched Tomahawks". Defense News. Sightline Media Group.
  54. ^ GDC (11 October 2020). "Saab started manufacturing A26 Disruptor Submarines". Global Defense Corp. Retrieved 29 July 2021.
  55. ^ "Saab opens new production facility in Landskrona to support submarine programme". 12 December 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  56. ^ "Saab Lays Keel of First A26 Blekinge-class Submarine". July 2022.
  57. ^ [1] Archived 21 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Ny Teknik article about the start of production of the first A26 sub (Swedish technical publication)
  58. ^ a b [2] Archived 21 January 2019 at the Wayback Machine Swedish Defence Material Agency website announce the names of the submarines
  59. ^ Karremann, Jaime. "Zweden werkt aan vloot van de toekomst: Visby's krijgen raketten en studies nieuwe onderzeeboten gestart". Marineschepen.nl. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  60. ^ a b Mitsopoulos, Dimitris (29 May 2025). "Hellenic Navy Outlines Requirements for Next-Generation Submarine Program". Naval News. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  61. ^ Brahy, Jérôme. "Greece to obtain first strategic sea-to-land strike capability with purchase of four new submarines". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 8 July 2025.
  62. ^ Redacción (22 September 2025). "South Korea's Hanwha has presented its proposal to equip the Hellenic Navy with the new KSS-III Batch II attack submarines". Zona Militar. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  63. ^ a b Peruzzi, Luca (23 June 2025). "Fincantieri's U212 NFS: export opportunities from Poland to the broader global market". Naval News. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  64. ^ "Polish "Orka" Submarine Procurement Gains Weight (And Bids)". 8 August 2023.
  65. ^ "Poland decides to restart ORKA submarine acquisition program". Navy Naval News Navy Recognition. 18 July 2023.
  66. ^ "Orka reactivation - Which submarines for Poland?". June 2023.
  67. ^ "Asian, European players compete for Polish submarine order". 12 September 2023.
  68. ^ Gurgurewicz, Przemysław (8 May 2025). "Swedish A26 Submarine and Poland's Orka Program". MILMAG. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  69. ^ a b Grotnik, Tomasz (16 August 2024). "HD HHI Submarines in the Poland's ORKA Program". Naval News. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  70. ^ a b Thomas, Richard (3 September 2024). "Naval primes positioning for Poland's Orka submarine programme". Naval Technology. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  71. ^ Redakcja (1 September 2025). "Navantia's S-80 submarine in MSPO: the most innovative conventionally powered submarine for Poland". MILMAG. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  72. ^ "Australian submarines to be built in Adelaide after French company DCNS wins $50b contract". ABC News. 26 April 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
  73. ^ "Saab and Damen to export Expeditionary C-71 submarines | Damen". www.damen.com. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  74. ^ Canada, Public Services and Procurement (26 August 2025). "Government of Canada advances to next step in Canadian Patrol Submarine Project procurement". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  75. ^ "Saab and Damen Team for Walrus Future Submarine Replacement Programme". www.damen.com. 20 January 2015. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
  76. ^ "The Netherlands selects Naval Group for its Submarine Replacement program". Naval Group. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  77. ^ a b "Naval Group signs contract to deliver four Barracuda Family expeditionary submarines to the Netherlands Ministry of Defense". Naval Group. Retrieved 13 October 2025.
  78. ^ "German-Norwegian submarine co-operation - marineforum". 9 December 2024.
  79. ^ Enarsson, Lars-Göran (27 November 2008). "Kockums kan få bygga svensknorska ubåtar" [Kockums can build Swedish Norwegian submarines]. Blekinge Läns Tidning (in Swedish). Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
  80. ^ "Norway Should Maintain Submarine Fleet: Study". Defense news. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013..

Further reading

[edit]
  • Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2015). IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016. Coulsdon, Surrey: Janes Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-3143-5.
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blekinge-class_submarine&oldid=1319271331"