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3C 173.1

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3C 173.1
Pan-STARRS image of 3C 173.1
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
ConstellationCamelopardalis
Right ascension07h 09m 18.17s[1]
Declination+74° 49′ 31.76″[1]
Redshift0.222900[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity66,824 km/s[1]
Distance2.756 Gly
Apparent magnitude (B)19.98
Characteristics
TypeNLRG LEG[1]
Size~265,000 ly (81.2 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Other designations
4C +74.12, 2MASX J07091812+7449318, LEDA 2821895, 6C B070247.6+745415, 8C 0702+749, NRAO 0255, 2CXO J070918.0+744931[1]

3C 173.1 is a radio galaxy located in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. The redshift of the galaxy is (z) 0.222[1] and it was first recorded as an astronomical radio source in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources survey in 1962.[2] In April 1965 the source was linked to an optical counterpart.[3]

Description

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3C 173.1 is classified as a weak-line, low-excitation Fanaroff-Riley Class Type 2 radio galaxy with a steep spectrum radio source.[4][5][6] The host galaxy is an elliptical galaxy located inside a poor galaxy cluster, with a slightly boxy shaped appearance.[7][8] A low-surface brightness component of asymmetric widths is found in the northwest direction from the galaxy, indicating a recent galaxy merger.[7]

Imaging with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) showed the galaxy's nucleus is partly obscured by a dust lane.[8][9] The dust morphology of the galaxy is described having offset dust filaments with faint tendrils.[10] The total star formation rate of the galaxy is 61.0+11.0
−12.0×1010 Mʘ and it has a supermassive black hole mass of 120.1+84.8
−52.2×107 Mʘ based on a host-fit parameter measurement by the Herschel Space Telescope.[5]

The radio structure of the galaxy is complex. When imaged with the Very Large Array (VLA) at high resolutions it has a hotspot located in the northern direction that is made up of three individual components; mainly the compact western component, a faint secondary less compact component and a diffused component. A bridge of radio emission is seen linking the hotspot and the radio lobe. The hotspot in the southern direction is also made up of various components, with a curved ridge of radio emission in the west. Low resolution imaging found a jet in the northern lobe, obscured by a high surface brightness area.[11]

Recent VLA observations made in 2014 have described the lobes as asymmetrically placed. When observed, the northern lobe is found to have a series of features on its northern edge with an edged hotspot. The southern lobe imaged at 0.33 arcsecond resolution on the other hand, has flat edges with a recessed hotspot feature.[12] A binary supermassive black hole might well be present inside the galaxy.[13]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "NED Search results for 3C 173.1". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-09-27.
  2. ^ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68: 163. Bibcode:1962MmRAS..68..163B.
  3. ^ de Vaucouleurs, A. (April 1965). "Identification of some galaxies as radio sources". The Observatory. 85: 75–78. Bibcode:1965Obs....85...75D. ISSN 0029-7704.
  4. ^ Shi, Y.; Rieke, G. H.; Hines, D. C.; Neugebauer, G.; Blaylock, M.; Rigby, J.; Egami, E.; Gordon, K. D.; Alonso-Herrero, A. (August 2005). "Far-Infrared Observations of Radio Quasars and FR II Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 629 (1): 88–99. arXiv:astro-ph/0504622. Bibcode:2005ApJ...629...88S. doi:10.1086/431344. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ a b Westhues, Christian; Haas, Martin; Barthel, Peter; Wilkes, Belinda J.; Willner, S. P; Kuraszkiewicz, Joanna; Podigachoski, Pece; Leipski, Christian; Meisenheimer, Klaus; Siebenmorgen, Ralf; Chini, Rolf (2016-04-20). "STAR FORMATION IN 3CR RADIO GALAXIES AND QUASARS AT z < 1*". The Astronomical Journal. 151 (5): 120. arXiv:1602.07443. Bibcode:2016AJ....151..120W. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/5/120. ISSN 0004-6256.
  6. ^ Saripalli, Lakshmi; Subrahmanyan, Ravi (2009-03-30). "The Genesis of Morphologies in Extended Radio Sources: X-Shapes, Off-Axis Distortions, and Giant Radio Sources". The Astrophysical Journal. 695 (1): 156–170. arXiv:0811.1907. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695..156S. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/695/1/156. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ a b Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 164 (2): 307–333. arXiv:astro-ph/0603239. Bibcode:2006ApJS..164..307M. doi:10.1086/504480. ISSN 0067-0049.
  8. ^ a b de Koff, Sigrid; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William B.; Biretta, John; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; McCarthy, Patrick; Miley, George K. (December 1996). "HST Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. I. Intermediate Redshifts". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 107 (2): 621–660. Bibcode:1996ApJS..107..621D. doi:10.1086/192376. ISSN 0067-0049.
  9. ^ de Koff, Sigrid; Best, Philip; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William; Rottgering, Huub; Miley, George; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; Martel, Andre (July 2000). "The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 129 (1): 33–59. Bibcode:2000ApJS..129...33D. doi:10.1086/313402. ISSN 0067-0049.
  10. ^ Tremblay, G. R.; Chiaberge, M.; Donzelli, C. J.; Quillen, A. C.; Capetti, A.; Sparks, W. B.; Macchetto, F. D. (September 2007). "Isophotal Structure and Dust Distribution in Radio-loud Elliptical Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 666 (1): 109–121. arXiv:0705.3642. Bibcode:2007ApJ...666..109T. doi:10.1086/520333. ISSN 0004-637X.
  11. ^ Hardcastle, M. J.; Alexander, P.; Pooley, G. G.; Riley, J. M. (1997-07-11). "High-resolution observations at 3.6 cm of seventeen FR II radio galaxies with 0.15 <z< 0.30" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 288 (4): 859–890. doi:10.1093/mnras/288.4.859. ISSN 0035-8711.
  12. ^ Fernini, Ilias (2014-05-15). "VERY LARGE ARRAY IMAGES AT 8.4 GHz OF 40 FANAROFF–RILEY II 3CR RADIO SOURCES WITH 0.1 < z < 2.0". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 212 (2): 19. Bibcode:2014ApJS..212...19F. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/212/2/19.
  13. ^ Krause, Martin G H; Shabala, Stanislav S; Hardcastle, Martin J; Bicknell, Geoffrey V; Böhringer, Hans; Chon, Gayoung; Nawaz, Mohammad A; Sarzi, Marc; Wagner, Alexander Y (2018-09-21). "How frequent are close supermassive binary black holes in powerful jet sources?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 482 (1): 240–261. arXiv:1809.04050. doi:10.1093/mnras/sty2558. ISSN 0035-8711.
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