ꠚꠣꠟꠖꠤꠀ ꠎꠤꠘꠤꠡꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠎꠣꠃꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ

ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠞꠟꠉꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠟꠄ

<bdi>ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠙꠤꠒꠤꠀ</bdi> ꠕꠘꠦ
ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠙꠣꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠒꠘꠞ ꠢꠣꠁꠒ ꠙꠣꠞ꠆ꠇ

ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠞꠟꠉꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠟꠄ ꠅꠂꠟꠧ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠄꠇꠦꠅꠂꠘ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇ ⁕ ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠎꠣꠔꠤ ꠡꠣꠟꠅ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠀꠎꠣꠖꠤꠞ ꠛꠣꠖ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠇꠤꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠇꠣꠟꠌꠣꠞꠞꠛꠣꠄꠕꠘꠦ ꠈꠥꠛ ꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠣꠔ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠞ꠆ꠕꠘꠤꠔꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠣꠝꠞꠤꠇ ꠀꠞ ꠞꠣꠎꠘꠤꠔꠤꠇꠖꠤꠇꠖꠤ ꠄꠇꠣꠐ꠆ꠐꠣꠅꠂꠀ ꠡꠄ ꠡꠅꠎꠥꠉꠤꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕[1] ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠖꠦꠡ ꠘꠦꠐꠔ ꠇꠦꠘ꠆ꠖꠤꠅ ꠝꠤꠔ꠆ꠞꠅ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠄꠞꠛꠣꠖꠦꠅ ꠛꠣꠘꠤꠎ꠆ꠎ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠣꠝꠞꠤꠇ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠎꠠꠤꠔ ꠛꠃꠔ ꠖꠤꠙꠇ꠆ꠇꠤ ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠞꠁꠍꠦ ꠔꠣꠞꠣꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ⁕[2] ꠁꠖꠣꠘꠤꠋꠇꠥ ꠨ ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠖꠦꠡ ꠞꠣꠡꠤꠀꠞ ꠡꠣꠟꠞ ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘ ꠀꠇ꠆ꠞꠝꠘꠞ ꠡꠝꠄ ꠃꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠘꠞꠦ ꠉꠥꠄꠘ꠆ꠖꠣ ꠔꠂꠕ꠆ꠕ ꠀꠞ ꠛꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠇ ꠡꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠇꠖꠤ ꠈꠥꠛ ꠡꠣꠄ ꠡꠢꠣꠄꠅꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ ⁕[3][4]

ꠁꠔꠤꠀꠡꠞ ꠎꠥꠉꠡꠥꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]
ꠡ ꠡꠔꠇꠅ ꠀꠁꠟꠡꠦꠞ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠡ ꠉꠣꠟꠤꠇ ꠞꠣꠁꠎ꠆ꠎ

ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠛꠋꠡꠕꠘꠦ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋꠢꠇꠟꠦ ꠛꠤꠡꠦꠡꠇꠞꠤ ꠀꠗꠥꠘꠤꠇ ꠁꠍꠇꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠀꠞ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠇꠤꠍꠥ ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟꠅ ꠛꠡꠛꠣꠡ ꠇꠞꠍꠤꠟꠣ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠄꠛꠔꠞꠤ ꠁ ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟꠞ ꠛꠃꠔ ꠝꠣꠘꠥ ꠙꠥꠞꠣꠘꠣ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠡ ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠀꠅꠀ ꠃꠙꠘꠣꠝ ꠗꠣꠞꠘ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ ꠀꠁꠘꠍꠇꠅ ("Ainscough") ꠨ ꠀꠞꠘꠣꠄ ꠕꠥꠞꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠛꠋꠡꠕꠘꠦ ⁕

ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋꠢꠇꠟꠦ ꠙꠣꠕꠝꠤꠇ ꠖꠡ ꠡꠔꠣꠛ꠆ꠖꠤꠞ ꠀꠡꠦꠙꠣꠡꠦ ꠀꠄꠀꠞꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠛꠣꠉꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠛꠣꠖꠦ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠙꠌꠝꠞ ꠃꠙꠇꠥꠟꠅ ꠀꠁꠔꠦ ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠍꠤꠟꠣ ⁕ ꠔꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠣꠘ ꠝꠥꠟꠔ ꠖꠤ ꠃꠁꠞꠣꠟ ꠀꠞ ꠌꠦꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠞꠅ ꠕꠣꠇꠣꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠙꠞꠤꠌꠤꠔ ꠨[5] ꠔꠄ ꠙꠝꠣꠘ ꠈꠥꠛ ꠝꠎꠛꠥꠔ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠎꠦ ꠁ ꠛꠣꠉꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠀꠡꠦꠙꠣꠡꠞ ꠙꠌꠝꠞ ꠒꠣꠞ꠆ꠛꠤ ꠢꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠦꠒ (ꠅꠘꠦ ꠎꠦꠇꠐꠣ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠦꠐꠣꠞ ꠝꠦꠘꠌꠦꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠞ ꠀꠞ ꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠍꠤꠍꠁꠒꠅ ꠜꠣꠉ ꠇꠞꠣ) ꠨ ꠀꠝꠣꠃꠘ꠆ꠒꠣꠞꠘꠦꠡ ꠢꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠦꠒ ꠀꠞ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠍꠒꠦꠟ ꠢꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠦꠒꠦ ꠛꠡꠔꠤ ꠁꠍꠕꠣꠙꠘꠅ ꠡꠢꠣꠅꠇ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟ ⁕ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋꠢꠇꠟꠦ ꠁ ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟꠅ ꠡꠣꠌ꠆ꠍꠘ꠆ꠖꠦ ꠕꠣꠇꠔꠦ ꠡꠇ꠆ꠇꠝ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟꠣ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠞꠘ ꠁ ꠡꠝꠄꠇꠥ ꠁ ꠄꠟꠣꠇꠣꠁꠘ ꠡꠣꠝꠣꠘ꠆ꠘ ꠎꠘꠛꠢꠥꠟ ꠀꠍꠤꠟ ⁕ ꠁ ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟꠞ ꠛꠃꠔ ꠁꠍꠕꠣꠘꠞ ꠘꠣꠝ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠕ ꠝꠦꠁꠟꠍ ꠨ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠇꠟꠍ ꠨ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠇꠦꠟꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠍꠒꠦꠟ ꠀꠞ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠤꠝꠡꠣꠞ꠆ꠉ ꠨ ꠙꠥꠞꠣꠘꠣ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠡ ꠝꠥꠟꠞ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ ꠇꠤꠍꠥ ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠅ ꠟꠦꠘꠇꠣꠡꠣꠁꠀꠞ ("Lancashire") ꠛꠥꠟꠤ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠀꠁꠍꠦ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ "ꠁꠍ꠆ꠇꠞꠣꠁꠇ" ⁕[6][7][8] ꠇꠥꠀꠞꠒꠦꠟ ꠢꠀꠞ꠆ꠒ ꠀꠞ ꠍꠤꠟꠜꠣꠞꠒꠦꠟ ꠢꠀꠞ꠆ꠒ ꠖꠥꠁꠅꠐꠣ ꠁ ꠄꠟꠣꠇꠣꠔ ꠀꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟ ⁕[9] ꠁꠍꠇꠦꠟꠝꠦꠞꠍꠒꠦꠁꠟ[10] ꠄꠇꠤ ꠡꠝꠄꠅ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋꠔꠦ ꠀꠁꠎꠇꠥꠞ ꠇꠝ꠆ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠀ ꠄꠟꠣꠇꠣꠔ ꠛꠡꠔꠤ ꠁꠍꠕꠣꠙꠘ ꠇꠞꠣꠔ ꠉꠦꠍꠟꠣꠉꠤ ⁕[11] ꠁꠉꠥꠁꠘ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠣꠌꠤꠘ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠡ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠞ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠙꠔ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ ꠁ ꠄꠟꠣꠇꠣꠞ ꠟ꠆ꠎꠣꠘ꠆ꠇꠣꠡꠣꠎꠣꠞ ꠃꠙꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠅꠞ ꠇꠤꠍꠥ ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖ ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ 'ꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠣꠁꠇ' ⁕[12] ꠇꠤꠃꠎꠣꠞꠒꠦꠟ ꠢꠧꠞ꠆ꠒ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠤꠟꠜꠣꠞꠒꠦꠟ ꠢꠧꠞ꠆ꠒ ꠖꠥꠘꠥꠐꠣꠃ ꠁ ꠄꠟꠣꠇꠣꠔ ꠀꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟ ⁕ ꠙꠦꠞꠣꠄ ꠄꠇꠤ ꠡꠝꠄ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋꠢꠇꠟ ꠁ ꠅꠘ꠆ꠌꠟ ꠀꠁꠅꠁꠘ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠇꠐꠣ ꠀꠁꠎ ꠇꠣꠝ꠆ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠀ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠙꠞꠤꠌꠤꠔ ⁕[13]

ꠁꠍꠇꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠅ ꠨ ꠡꠦꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠞ꠆ꠇꠘꠤ ꠖꠤꠙꠙꠥꠘ꠆ꠎ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠛꠃꠔꠖꠤꠘꠞ ꠅꠂꠔꠤꠀꠡꠤ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠣꠋꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔꠤꠞ ꠟꠄ ꠞꠁꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠅꠞ꠆ꠇꠘꠤ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠦꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠛꠦꠡꠤꠞꠜꠣꠉ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠕꠣꠘꠤꠅꠞꠣ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠜꠛꠔ ꠡꠔꠇꠞ ꠢꠦꠡ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠔꠇꠞ ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠝꠣꠏꠣꠝꠣꠏꠤ ꠡꠝꠄꠇꠥ ꠙꠞ꠆ꠎꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠙꠕꠝ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠘ (ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠇꠐꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠃꠙꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠟꠄ) ꠇꠕꠣ ꠇꠂꠔꠣ ⁕[14]

ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠖꠦꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠅ ꠨ ꠡꠥꠁꠒꠦꠘ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠡꠣꠗꠤꠘꠔꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠖꠕꠘꠦ ꠇꠥꠐꠘꠤꠔꠤꠇ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠕꠣꠙꠘ ꠇꠞꠦ ⁕ ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠞ ꠅꠍꠟꠔ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠄꠝꠛꠦꠍꠤ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠒꠘꠅ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠄꠝꠛꠦꠍꠤ ꠀꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠔꠄ ꠨ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇꠞ ꠁꠔꠤꠀꠡ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋ ꠎꠥꠉ ꠙꠞ꠆ꠎꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠚꠤꠞꠤ ꠎꠣꠄ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠛꠟꠣ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠡ ꠜꠣꠁꠇꠤꠋꠢꠇꠟꠦ ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠖꠤꠙꠙꠥꠘ꠆ꠎꠔ ꠀꠇ꠆ꠞꠝꠘ ꠇꠞꠍꠤꠟꠣ ꠨ ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠙꠌꠝꠦ ꠨ ꠝꠦꠘ ꠖꠤꠙ ꠨ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠇꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠢꠦꠛ꠆ꠞꠣꠁꠒꠦꠍ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠞ꠆ꠇꠘꠤ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠦꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠖꠤꠙꠙꠥꠘ꠆ꠎꠔ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠕꠣꠁ ꠊꠞꠛꠣꠠꠤ ꠛꠣꠘꠣꠁꠍꠟꠣ ⁕ ꠄꠞ ꠚꠟꠦ ꠨ ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠖꠤ ꠛꠤꠀꠙꠇ ꠀꠇꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠍꠞ ꠇꠞꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠁ ꠡꠣꠋꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔꠤꠇ ꠛꠘ꠆ꠗꠘ ꠀꠁꠎꠅ ꠌꠟꠝꠣꠘ ꠀꠍꠦ ꠨ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠚꠟꠦ ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠖꠦꠡꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠊꠘꠤꠡ꠆ꠑ ꠡꠣꠋꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔꠤꠇ ꠟꠄ ꠉꠠꠤ ꠃꠑꠍꠦ ⁕

ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠡꠥꠁꠒꠦꠘ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠄꠇꠦꠛꠣꠞꠦ ꠡꠣꠗꠤꠘꠞ ꠛꠣꠖꠦ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠄꠇꠎꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ ꠘꠤꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠌꠘ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠡ꠆ꠘ ꠃꠑꠍꠤꠟ ⁕ ꠒꠦꠘꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠇꠦꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠤꠘ꠆ꠡ ꠇꠣꠞ꠆ꠟ ꠨ ꠎꠤꠘꠤ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ ꠢꠣꠇꠘ VII ꠢꠂꠘ ꠨ ꠔꠣꠞ ꠘꠤꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠌꠘ ꠖꠥꠁꠐꠣ ꠅꠡ꠆ꠛꠣꠜꠣꠛꠤꠇ ꠇꠣꠞꠘꠦ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠜꠣꠛꠤꠔ ꠛꠟꠦ ꠛ꠆ꠎꠣꠙꠇꠜꠣꠛꠦ ꠝꠘꠦ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠦ : ꠒꠦꠘꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠇ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠢꠥꠞꠥ ꠖꠦꠡ ꠢꠅꠀꠞ ꠇꠣꠞꠘꠦ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠅ ꠡꠇ꠆ꠔꠤꠞ ꠜꠣꠞꠡꠣꠝ꠆ꠎ ꠛꠤꠊ꠆ꠘꠤꠔ ꠅꠁꠔꠅ ꠘꠣꠄ ꠎꠥꠖꠤ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠔꠣꠞ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠞꠣꠎꠣꠞ ꠎꠘ꠆ꠝꠜꠥꠝꠤꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠔꠣꠔ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠡꠘꠤꠇꠜꠣꠛꠦ ꠎꠥꠐ ꠛꠣꠋꠗꠦ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠇꠣꠞ꠆ꠟꠦꠞ ꠡ꠆ꠔ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠝꠒ ꠨ ꠄꠇꠎꠘ ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠞꠣꠎꠇꠥꠝꠣꠞꠤ ꠀꠍꠟꠣ ꠨ ꠎꠣ ꠎꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠞꠣꠎ꠆ꠎꠦꠞ ꠡꠘ꠆ꠉꠦ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠊꠘꠤꠡ꠆ꠑ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤꠡ꠆ꠑꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠄ ꠙꠞꠤꠌꠣꠟꠤꠔ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠀꠡꠣ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟ ꠨ ꠎꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞꠦ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘ ꠇ꠆ꠡꠝꠔꠣꠞ ꠀꠗꠤꠙꠔ꠆ꠎ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠇꠤꠍꠥ ꠡꠥꠞꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ ꠖꠤꠔꠅ ꠙꠣꠞꠦ ⁕

ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠡꠎꠥꠖ꠆ꠗꠞ ꠙꠕꠝꠛꠣꠄꠖꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠘꠤꠞꠙꠦꠇ꠆ꠇ ꠀꠍꠤꠟ ⁕ ꠔꠄ ꠨ ꠙꠗꠣꠘꠔ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠢꠇꠟꠞ ꠔꠥꠟꠘꠣꠄ ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡꠢꠇꠟꠞ ꠙꠇ꠆ꠇꠦ ꠡꠝꠞ꠆ꠕꠘ ꠖꠦꠅꠀꠞ ꠇꠣꠞꠘꠦ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ "ꠖꠤ ꠘꠤꠃꠐ꠆ꠞꠣꠟ ꠄꠟꠤ" ꠘꠣꠝꠦ ꠙꠞꠤꠌꠤꠔ ꠅꠂꠔꠦ ꠡꠥꠞꠥ ꠇꠞꠍꠤꠟ ⁕

ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠡ ꠎꠥꠖ꠆ꠗ II

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]
ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠡꠦꠘꠣꠁꠘ ꠒꠤꠍꠦꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ ꠔꠣꠞꠤꠈꠅ Måløy ꠢꠣꠝꠟꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠖꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ⁕
ꠐ꠆ꠞꠣꠚꠣꠟꠉꠣꠞ ꠁꠍꠇꠄꠀꠞ ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠡꠝꠣꠡ ꠉꠣꠍꠐꠤ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠔꠤ ꠛꠍꠞ ꠡꠣꠟ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠒꠘꠞ ꠎꠘꠉꠘꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠅꠍꠟꠧ ꠡꠅꠞ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠖꠣꠘ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠄ ⁕

ꠖꠤꠔꠤꠅ ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠡꠎꠥꠖ꠆ꠗꠔ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤꠖꠤ ꠀꠇ꠆ꠞꠝꠘ ꠀꠞ ꠖꠈꠟ ꠅꠄ ꠨ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠖꠣꠄ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠞꠇꠣꠞ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠒꠘꠅ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠡꠞꠇꠣꠞ ꠜꠤꠔ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠘꠤꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠡꠤꠔ ꠡꠞꠇꠣꠞ ꠉꠑꠘ ꠇꠞꠣꠞꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠛꠣꠁꠗ꠆ꠗ ꠅꠁꠘ ⁕ ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠡꠦꠘꠣꠛꠣꠁꠘꠤ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠇꠝꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠡꠤꠇ꠆ꠡꠘ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠋꠉꠑꠤꠔ ꠇꠞꠔꠦ ꠡꠢꠣꠄꠅꠔꠣ ꠇꠞꠦ ꠨ ꠎꠣꠔꠦ ꠔꠣꠞꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠔ ꠘꠣꠔ꠆ꠡꠤ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠕꠣꠙꠘꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠀꠇ꠆ꠞꠝꠘ ꠇꠞꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠎꠘꠉꠘꠞ ꠙꠇ꠆ꠇ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠛꠤꠐꠦꠘꠞ ꠎꠘꠉꠘꠞ ꠙꠔꠤ ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔꠉ꠆ꠉꠔꠣꠞ ꠘꠤꠖꠡ꠆ꠡꠘ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠨ ꠙꠔꠤ ꠛꠍꠞ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠇꠤꠞꠤꠍꠝꠣꠍ ꠉꠣꠍ ꠅꠍꠟꠧ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠒꠘꠞ ꠐ꠆ꠞꠣꠚꠣꠟꠉꠣꠞ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠇꠄꠀꠞꠅ ꠙꠣꠑꠣꠁꠟ ꠅꠄ ⁕[15]

ꠙꠔꠤꠛꠍ꠆ꠍꠞ ꠉꠔ ꠡꠣꠁꠐ ꠛꠍꠞ ꠗꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠤꠃꠇꠦꠡꠟ ꠀꠙꠘꠞ ꠐꠣꠁꠘ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠎꠝꠎ ꠡꠅꠞꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠨ ꠛꠞꠦꠘꠞ ꠎꠘꠉꠘꠞ ꠉꠦꠍ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠍꠝꠣꠍ ꠐ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠃꠙꠀꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠙꠣꠁꠘ ⁕ ꠁꠐꠣ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠙꠜꠣꠛꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠡ꠆ꠙ꠆ꠞꠥꠡ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠇꠐꠣ ꠚꠥꠐ ꠃꠌ꠆ꠌꠔꠣꠔ ꠈꠣꠠꠣ ꠕꠣꠇꠦ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠐꠣ ꠛꠦꠇ꠆ꠔꠤꠉꠔꠜꠣꠛꠦ ꠇꠣꠐꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟ ꠉꠥꠘꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠇ꠆ꠇꠦꠖꠤ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠁꠘ ꠍꠦꠙ꠆ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠛꠞꠦꠘꠞ ꠝꠦꠎꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠖꠣꠁꠔ꠆ꠔ ꠙꠣꠟꠘ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠙꠔꠤꠐꠣ ꠛꠍ꠆ꠍꠞ ꠨ ꠁ ꠉꠣꠍꠁꠐꠣ ꠅꠂꠔꠤꠎ꠆ꠎꠉꠔ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠡꠣꠖꠣ ꠛꠣꠔ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠖꠤꠀ ꠢꠣꠎꠣꠁꠟ ꠅꠄ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠐꠣ ꠡꠣꠘ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠔꠔꠣꠞ ꠙꠔꠤꠇ ⁕ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠎꠘꠉꠘ ꠙꠔꠤ ꠇꠤꠞꠤꠍꠝꠣꠍꠅ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠦꠐ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠤꠝꠡꠛꠤ ꠡꠅꠞꠅ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠉꠣꠍ ꠙꠣꠑꠤꠁ ꠕꠣꠇꠂꠘ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠉꠦꠍꠦ ꠇꠄꠇ ꠛꠍꠞ ꠗꠞꠤ ꠁ ꠉꠣꠍꠉꠥ ꠘꠤꠞ꠆ꠛꠣꠌꠘ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ꠡꠧꠞ꠆ꠐꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠎꠘꠉꠘꠖꠤ ꠛꠣꠌꠣꠁ ꠇꠞꠤ ⁕[16]

ꠛꠦꠞꠦꠇꠎꠤꠐ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]

ꠎꠣꠘꠥꠎꠣꠞꠤ ꠅ ꠨ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘꠞ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤꠅ ꠁꠃꠘꠤꠅꠘ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠜꠣꠛ꠆ꠛ ꠛꠣꠞꠘꠤ ꠡꠣꠝꠘꠦ ꠞꠣꠈꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠖꠥꠘꠥ ꠖꠦꠡꠞ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠛꠤꠖ꠆ꠖꠝꠣꠘ ꠉꠦꠞꠣꠘ꠆ꠐꠤꠉꠥꠁꠘ ꠛꠎꠣꠄ ꠞꠣꠈꠣꠞ ꠟꠂꠇ꠆ꠇꠦ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠄꠇꠌꠦꠐꠤꠀ ꠛꠦꠞꠦꠇꠎꠤꠐ ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤꠔ ꠖꠍ꠆ꠔꠉꠔ ꠇꠞꠍꠦ ⁕[17]

ꠄꠙ꠆ꠞꠤꠟ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠍꠞ ꠅꠗꠤꠇꠣꠞ ꠡꠋꠇ꠆ꠞꠣꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠖꠤꠙꠇ꠆ꠇꠤ ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠘꠤꠀ ꠀꠟꠥꠌꠘꠣ ꠇꠞꠤ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠡꠝꠏꠥꠔꠣꠔ ꠙꠃꠍꠣꠁꠔꠦ ꠙꠣꠞꠍꠦ ꠘꠣ ⁕[18][19]

ꠎꠥꠘ ꠨ ꠖꠥꠁ ꠖꠦꠡ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠛꠣꠘꠤꠎ꠆ꠎ ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤꠔ ꠖꠍ꠆ꠔꠉꠔ ꠇꠞꠦ ⁕[20]

ꠀꠗꠥꠘꠤꠇ ꠡꠝꠄꠇꠥ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]
ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠚꠞꠦꠘ ꠍꠦꠇ꠆ꠞꠦꠐꠣꠞꠤ ꠃꠁꠟꠤꠀꠝ ꠢꠦꠉ (ꠒꠣꠁꠘꠛꠣꠎꠥꠛꠣꠄ) ꠀꠞ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠚꠞꠦꠘ ꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠎꠥꠘꠣꠍ ꠉꠣꠢꠞ ꠁꠡ꠆ꠐꠞꠦ ꠘꠜꠦꠝꠛꠞ ꠔꠣꠞꠤꠈꠅ ꠟꠘ꠆ꠒꠘꠅ ꠨ ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠅ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠝꠦꠞꠥ ꠉꠛꠦꠡꠘꠣ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠣꠋꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠔꠤꠇ ꠅꠂꠔꠤꠎ꠆ꠎꠞ ꠃꠙꠞꠦ ꠡꠅꠎꠥꠉꠤꠔꠣ ꠟꠂꠀ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠝꠦꠝꠞꠦꠘꠒꠣꠝ ꠅꠚ ꠀꠘ꠆ꠒꠣꠞꠡ꠆ꠐꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠋ ꠡꠁ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕

ꠡꠣꠟꠞ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠡꠣꠉꠞ ꠛꠣꠘꠦ ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠢꠣꠞꠃꠁꠌ ꠡꠅꠞꠅ ꠛꠤꠀꠙꠇ ꠈꠦꠔꠤ ꠅꠄ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠈꠣꠘꠅ ꠅꠘꠦꠇ ꠝꠣꠘꠥꠡ ꠛꠣꠠꠤꠍꠣꠠꠣ ꠅꠁꠎꠣꠁꠘ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠡꠞꠇꠣꠞ ꠡꠅꠞꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠇꠤꠍꠥ ꠞꠥꠇꠞ ꠛꠣꠠꠤ ꠛꠣꠘꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠔꠢꠛꠤꠟ ꠖꠦꠁꠘ ⁕ ꠢꠤꠔꠣ ꠡꠣꠝꠎꠤꠇ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠛꠤꠛꠦꠌꠤꠔ ꠅꠁꠟꠦꠅ ꠨ ꠀꠁꠎꠅ ꠢꠣꠞꠃꠁꠌꠅ ꠢꠤ ꠛꠣꠠꠤꠁꠉꠥꠁꠘ ꠍꠤꠔꠞꠤꠀ ꠀꠍꠦ ⁕[21]

ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠐꠣꠞ꠆ꠇꠐꠤꠇꠣꠔ ꠙꠞꠡ꠆ꠙꠞꠤ ꠡꠤꠝꠣꠘꠣ ꠞꠦꠈꠣ ꠜꠣꠉꠣꠜꠣꠉꠤ ꠇꠞꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠄꠇꠦ ꠀꠞꠇꠞ ꠖꠣꠛꠤ ꠀꠞ ꠅꠡ꠆ꠐꠦꠟꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠚꠦꠞꠣꠘ꠆ꠌ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠤꠃꠎꠤꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠖꠣꠛꠤꠘ ꠝꠣꠘꠦ ⁕

ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠖꠦꠡꠃ ꠘꠦꠐꠅ ꠀꠞ ꠇꠣꠃꠘ꠆ꠡꠤꠟ ꠅꠚ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠞ ꠙꠥꠞꠣ ꠡꠖꠂꠡ꠆ꠡ ⁕ ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠔ ꠙꠦꠞꠣꠄ , ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠎꠤꠀꠘꠤ ꠕꠣꠇꠂꠘ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠔ ꠙꠦꠞꠣꠄ , ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇ ꠕꠣꠇꠂꠘ ⁕[22] ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠦ ꠅꠘꠦꠇ ꠡꠅꠞꠅ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠢꠔ꠆ꠔꠝ ꠅꠜꠤꠛꠣꠡꠤ ꠉꠥꠡ꠆ꠑꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ⁕ ꠎꠦꠡꠛ ꠡꠅꠞꠅ ꠡꠛꠌꠦ ꠛꠦꠡꠤ ꠛꠤꠐꠤꠡ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠇ ꠕꠣꠇꠂꠘ ꠁꠔꠣ ꠅꠂꠟꠅ ꠪ ꠅꠍꠟꠧ (,) ꠨ ꠁꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠜꠣꠘ꠆ꠉꠣꠞ (,) ꠨ ꠛꠣꠞ꠆ꠉꠦꠘ (,) ꠨ ꠛꠣꠄꠞꠥꠝ ({{ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠉꠘꠣ|716) ꠨ ꠐ꠆ꠞꠘ꠆ꠒꠢꠦꠁꠝ () ꠨ ꠀꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ () ꠨ ꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠀꠘꠡ꠆ꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ () ꠨ ꠖ꠆ꠞꠣꠝꠦꠘ () ꠀꠞ ꠚ꠆ꠞꠦꠒꠞꠤꠇꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠒ () ⁕[23]

ꠇꠥꠁꠘ ꠄꠟꠤꠎꠣꠛꠦꠕ ꠖꠥꠁꠟꠝ꠆ꠛꠞꠎꠘ ꠔꠣꠘ ꠞꠣꠎꠔ꠆ꠞꠛꠣꠟꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠔ ꠔꠤꠘꠔꠤꠛꠣꠞ ꠞꠣꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠅ ꠍꠚꠞ ꠇꠞꠍꠟꠣ ꠨ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠢꠦꠡꠝꠦꠡ ꠡꠣꠟꠅ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠛꠟꠣ ꠔꠣꠘꠦ ꠞꠣꠎꠣ ꠢꠣꠞꠣꠟ꠆ꠒ ꠙꠣꠌꠟꠝ꠆ꠛꠞꠎꠘ ꠖꠤ ꠅꠂꠜ꠆ꠜꠞ꠆ꠕꠘꠣ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠘꠤ ꠅꠄ ⁕

ꠅꠞꠕꠘꠤꠔꠤꠞ ꠟꠄ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]

ꠎꠣꠘꠥꠎꠣꠞꠤ ꠅ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤ ꠚ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠐ꠆ꠞꠦꠒ ꠄꠡꠧꠡꠤꠄꠡꠘ ("EFTA") ꠅꠞ ꠙꠔꠤꠡ꠆ꠑꠣꠔꠣ ꠡꠖꠂꠡ꠆ꠡ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠎꠥꠉꠖꠣꠘ ꠇꠞꠦ ; ꠁꠃꠇꠦ 31 ꠒꠤꠡꠦꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ 1972 ꠅ ꠁꠄꠙꠐꠤꠄ ("EFTA") ꠕꠘꠦ ꠢꠞꠤ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤꠅ ꠅꠞ꠆ꠕꠘꠤꠔꠤꠇ ꠉꠥꠡ꠆ꠐꠤ ("EEC") ꠔ ꠎꠥꠉ ꠖꠦꠄ ⁕[24][25] ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤꠅ ꠁꠃꠘꠤꠅꠘ ꠕꠘꠦ ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠞ ꠢꠞꠤꠎꠤꠛꠣꠞ ꠛꠣꠖꠦꠇꠥ ꠨ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠀꠁꠡꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠗꠣꠞꠣꠛꠣꠁꠇ ꠛꠣꠘꠤꠎ꠆ꠎ ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠡꠁ ꠇꠞꠦ ⁕[26][27][28] ꠎꠥꠟꠣꠁ ꠅ ꠨ ꠀꠁꠍꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠨ ꠟꠤꠌꠦꠘꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠁꠘ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠄꠉꠥ ꠀꠗꠥꠘꠤꠇꠤꠇꠞꠣ ꠚ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠐ꠆ꠞꠦꠒ ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠡꠁ ꠇꠞꠦ ; ꠌꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠤꠁꠇꠐꠣ ꠝꠣꠟꠍꠣꠝꠣꠘ ꠍꠣꠠꠣꠅ ꠡꠦꠛꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠃꠙꠞꠦꠅ ꠙꠠꠦ ⁕[29][30]

ꠝꠤꠟꠤꠐꠣꠞꠤ ꠟꠄ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]

ꠞꠄꠀꠟ ꠝꠦꠞꠤꠘꠍ ꠢꠣꠞꠚꠤꠞꠣ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠔ ꠙꠡꠤꠇ꠆ꠇꠘ ꠘꠦꠄ ꠨ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠙꠔꠤꠞꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ ꠙꠞꠤꠇꠟ꠆ꠙꠘꠣꠔ ꠔꠣꠞꠣ ꠄꠇꠟꠉꠦ ꠕꠣꠇꠂꠘ ⁕[31] ꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠌ ꠅ ꠨ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠔ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠡꠣꠝꠞꠤꠇ ꠊꠣꠐꠤ ꠈꠥꠟꠂꠘ ꠨ ꠎꠣꠞ ꠘꠣꠝ ꠇꠦꠝ꠆ꠙ ꠜꠤꠇꠤꠋ ⁕[32] ꠀꠉꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠅ ꠨ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ ꠙꠔꠤꠞꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ ꠡꠌꠤꠛ ꠛꠞ꠆ꠘ ꠀꠞꠤꠟ꠆ꠒ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠣꠝ ꠁꠃꠇꠦꠞꠦ ꠘꠞꠅꠦꠞ "ꠡꠛꠌꠦ ꠇꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠣꠞ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠛꠌꠦ ꠉꠥꠞꠥꠔ꠆ꠛꠀꠟꠣ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤ ꠝꠤꠔ꠆ꠞ" ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠛꠞ꠆ꠘꠘꠣ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠣꠟꠅ ꠔꠣꠞ ꠙꠡꠣꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠝꠀꠡꠣꠉꠞꠤꠅ ꠝꠥꠔꠣꠄꠅꠘꠞ ꠛꠦꠁꠟ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠇꠦꠞꠤꠀꠞ ꠡ꠆ꠐ꠆ꠞꠣꠁꠇ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠥꠙꠅ ꠎꠥꠉ ꠖꠤꠔꠦ ꠖꠥꠁꠐꠣ ꠎꠣꠎ ꠙꠣꠓꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠅꠀꠖꠣ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕[33]

ꠒꠤꠍꠦꠝ꠆ꠛꠞ ꠅ ꠨ ꠙꠗꠣꠘꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠎꠘꠣꠡ ꠉꠣꠢꠞ ꠡ꠆ꠐꠧꠞꠅ ꠀꠞ ꠙꠗꠣꠘꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠤ ꠇꠤꠞ ꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠞꠝꠣꠞ ꠖꠥꠁ ꠖꠦꠡꠞ ꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠄꠇꠐꠣ ꠇꠃꠡꠟꠉꠔ ꠅꠋꠡꠤꠖꠣꠞꠤꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠖꠍ꠆ꠔꠉꠔ ꠇꠞꠂꠘ ⁕[34]

ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠟꠦꠡꠇ ꠀꠞ ꠡꠣꠋꠛꠣꠖꠤꠇ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠕꠘꠤ ꠢꠦꠞꠘ ꠙꠍꠔꠣꠛ ꠇꠞꠍꠂꠘ ꠎꠦ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠀꠞ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠕ ꠍꠤ ꠒꠤꠚꠦꠘ꠆ꠍ ꠄꠟꠣꠄꠘ꠆ꠍ ("NSDA") ꠙꠔꠤꠡ꠆ꠑꠣꠔ ꠇꠦꠘ꠆ꠖ꠆ꠞꠤꠅ ꠜꠥꠝꠤꠇꠣ ꠙꠣꠟꠘ ꠇꠞꠔꠅ ꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠇꠐꠣ ꠙꠔꠤꠞꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ ꠡꠅꠎꠥꠉꠤꠔꠣ ꠛꠣꠠꠣꠁꠀ ꠀꠘ꠆ꠌꠟꠤꠇ ꠘꠤꠞꠣꠙꠔ꠆ꠔꠣ ꠃꠘ꠆ꠘꠔ ꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠟꠂꠇ꠆ꠇꠦ ꠘꠤꠎꠦ ꠇꠣꠝ ꠇꠞꠛꠅ ⁕[35][36] ꠖꠥꠁꠅ ꠖꠦꠡ ꠃꠁꠇꠦ ꠘꠦꠔ꠆ꠞꠤꠔ꠆ꠔꠗꠤꠘ ꠄꠇꠟꠉꠦ ꠅꠜꠤꠎꠣꠘ ꠛꠣꠁꠘꠤꠞ ꠅꠋꠡ ꠨ ꠎꠦꠇꠐꠣ ꠡꠣꠟꠅ ꠅꠁꠘ꠆ꠘ ꠀꠐꠐꠣ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤ ꠖꠦꠡꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠉꠑꠤꠔ ꠅꠁꠍꠤꠟ ꠨ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠅ ꠃꠖꠤꠅꠝꠣꠘ ꠡꠋꠇꠐꠞ ꠙꠔꠤꠇ꠆ꠞꠤꠀ ꠎꠣꠘꠣꠘꠤꠔ ⁕

ꠎꠥꠠꠣ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤꠘ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]
  • United Kingdom
Alnwick, Northumberland ꠀꠞ Norway
Time, Rogaland
  • United Kingdom
Aberdeen, Aberdeenshire ꠀꠞ Norway
Stavanger, Rogaland
  • United Kingdom
Barnstaple, Devon ꠀꠞ Norway
Harstad, Troms
  • United Kingdom
Burntisland, Fife ꠀꠞ Norway
Flekkefjord, Agder
  • United Kingdom
Dunfermline, Fife ꠀꠞ Norway
Trondheim, Trøndelag
  • United Kingdom
Lerwick, Shetland ꠀꠞ Norway
Måløy, Vestland
  • United Kingdom
Letchworth Garden City, Hertfordshire ꠀꠞ Norway
Kristiansand, Agder
  • United Kingdom
Newcastle, Tyne and Wear ꠀꠞ Norway
Bergen, Vestland
  • United Kingdom
Orkney ꠀꠞ Norway
Hordaland
  • United Kingdom
Peterhead, Aberdeenshire ꠀꠞ Norway
Ålesund, Møre og Romsdal

ꠉꠦꠟꠣꠞꠤ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]
ꠉꠦꠟꠣꠞꠤ

ꠀꠞꠅ ꠖꠦꠈꠂꠘ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]

ꠀꠞꠅ ꠙꠠꠂꠘ

[ꠟꠦꠈ | ꠃꠔꠡ ꠟꠦꠈꠁꠘ]
  • ꠀꠟꠝꠟꠤꠒ ꠨ ꠉꠦꠁꠞ ꠇꠦ. ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠁꠘ ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙ ꠡꠤꠘ꠆ꠡ  : ꠀꠃꠐꠡꠣꠁꠒꠣꠞꠡ (ꠡ꠆ꠙ꠆ꠞꠤꠋꠉꠣꠞ ꠘꠦꠌꠣꠞ ꠨ ) ⁕
  • ꠛꠣꠞ꠆ꠘꠡ ꠨ ꠞꠤꠌꠣꠞ꠆ꠒ. "ꠁꠃꠘꠣꠁꠐꠦꠒ ꠇꠤꠋꠒꠝ/ꠘꠞꠅꠦ: ꠚ꠆ꠞꠦꠝꠅꠀꠞ꠆ꠇ ꠄꠉ꠆ꠞꠤꠝꠦꠘ꠆ꠐ ꠅꠘ ꠚꠤꠡꠣꠞꠤꠎ ꠛꠤꠐꠥꠁꠘ ꠖꠤ ꠁꠃꠘꠣꠁꠐꠦꠒ ꠇꠤꠋꠒꠝ ꠅꠛ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠦꠐ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠞ꠆ꠖꠣꠞ꠆ꠘ ꠀꠄꠀꠞꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠖꠤ ꠇꠤꠋꠒꠝ ꠅꠛ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ⁕" ꠁꠘ꠆ꠐꠣꠞꠘꠦꠡꠘꠣꠟ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠘꠣꠟ ꠅꠚ ꠝꠦꠞꠤꠘ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠇꠧꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠟ ꠟ (. ꠨ ): - ⁕
  • ꠉꠣꠞꠣꠃ ꠨ ꠡꠣꠟꠜꠣꠐꠧꠞꠦ. ꠚꠦꠡꠤꠎꠝ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠀꠁꠒꠤꠅꠟꠎꠤ: ꠁꠔꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠨ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ (ꠞꠣꠃꠐꠟꠦꠄ ꠨ ) ꠅꠘꠟꠣꠁꠘ ⁕
  • ꠟꠥꠇꠣꠡ ꠨ ꠇꠧꠟꠤꠘ. "ꠉ꠆ꠞꠦꠐ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠅ꠆ꠎꠣꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠖ꠆ꠎ ꠁꠃꠘꠤꠅꠘ ꠅꠚ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠡꠥꠁꠒꠦꠘ ⁕" ꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠎꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠘꠦꠜꠤꠀꠘ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠘꠣꠟ ꠅꠚ ꠢꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ꠆ꠞꠤ .- (): - ⁕
  • ꠘꠦꠟꠡꠦꠘ ꠨ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠦꠘ꠆ꠐ ꠄꠚ. "ꠄꠇ꠆ꠡꠙ꠆ꠟꠦꠁꠘꠤꠋ ꠙꠦꠐ꠆ꠞꠧꠟꠤꠀꠝ ꠙꠟꠤꠡꠤ ꠁꠘ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠨ - ⁕" ꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠎꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠘꠦꠜꠤꠀꠘ ꠙꠟꠤꠐꠤꠇꠦꠟ ꠡ꠆ꠐꠣꠒꠤꠎ . (): - ⁕
  • ꠞꠤꠡ꠆ꠐꠦ ꠨ ꠅꠟꠣꠜ. "ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ: ꠚ꠆ꠞꠝ ꠅꠀꠞ ꠐꠥ ꠇꠧꠟ꠆ꠒ ꠅꠣꠞ ꠨ - ⁕" ꠡ꠆ꠇ꠆ꠎꠣꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠘꠦꠜꠤꠀꠘ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠘꠣꠟ ꠅꠚ ꠢꠤꠡ꠆ꠐ꠆ꠞꠤ . (): - ⁕
  • ꠃꠁꠟꠇꠤꠘ꠆ꠍ ꠨ ꠃꠁꠟꠤꠀꠝ ꠢꠦꠘꠞꠤ. ꠄ ꠇꠥꠁꠘ ꠅꠚ ꠐꠤꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠡ: ꠇꠦꠞꠧꠟꠣꠁꠘ ꠝꠦꠐꠤꠟ꠆ꠒꠣ ꠨ ꠇꠥꠁꠘ ꠅꠚ ꠒꠦꠘꠝꠣꠞ꠆ꠇ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠞꠅꠦ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠙ꠆ꠞꠤꠘ꠆ꠡꠦꠡ ꠅꠚ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠦꠐ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠤꠐꠦꠘ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠀꠄꠀꠞꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ (ꠟꠋꠝꠦꠘꠡ ꠨ ꠉ꠆ꠞꠤꠘ ꠨ ꠅꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠇꠝ꠆ꠙꠣꠘꠤ ꠨ ) ꠅꠘꠟꠣꠁꠘ ⁕
  1. ↑ "Bilateral Relations". Norgesportalen (in English). Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  2. ↑ "UK-Norway deal comes into effect". GOV.UK (in English). Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  3. ↑ "Norway, UK to Donate Nano Drones to Ukraine". The Defense Post (in American English). 2022-08-25. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  4. ↑ "UK and allies agree expanded International Fund for Ukraine support". GOV.UK (in English). Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  5. ↑ "Early medieval Chester 400-1230 | British History Online". www.british-history.ac.uk.
  6. ↑ "North Meols and the Scandinavian settlement of Lancashire". May 23, 2014.
  7. ↑ Visiter, Southport (January 12, 2011). "New book shows Vikings still alive in West Lancashire". southportvisiter.
  8. ↑ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1 at line 3282: attempt to call field 'year_check' (a nil value).
  9. ↑ "Medieval Wigan". www.wiganarchsoc.co.uk.
  10. ↑ "Cheshire Viking History - CheshireTrove". www.cheshiretrove.com.
  11. ↑ "The days when Vikings and Romans lived here - Lancashire Evening Post". Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  12. ↑ Flom, George Tobias (January 2008). Scandinavian Influence on Southern Lowland Scotch. ISBN 9781434667700.
  13. ↑ "History of Cumbria". www.english-lakes.com.
  14. ↑ Trudgill, Peter (1984). Language in the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. p. 354. ISBN 978-0-521-28409-7
  15. ↑ British Embassy Oslo. "Oslo's Christmas tree gift to Trafalgar Square". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  16. ↑ "Festive cheer as giant Christmas tree from Norway arrives at Grimsby docks". Grimsby Telegraph. 6 November 2014. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  17. ↑ "Norway, UK sign own Brexit deal". www.newsinenglish.no. 28 January 2020.
  18. ↑ "UK and Norway fail to reach fishing deal". BBC News. 30 April 2021. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  19. ↑ O'Carroll, Lisa (1 May 2021). "Brexit: failure to secure UK-Norway fishing deal a 'disaster' for sector". The Guardian. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  20. ↑ "Brexit: UK announces trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". BBC News. 4 June 2021. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  21. ↑ "Norway's lasting gift after floods". Harwich and Manningtree Standard. 14 January 2015.
  22. ↑ "Table 1 Population 1 January 2010 and 2011 and changes in 2010, by immigration category and country background. Absolute numbers". www.ssb.no.
  23. ↑ "Table 10 Immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents, by country of birth, (the 20 largest groups). Selected municipalities. 1 January 2011". www.ssb.no.
  24. ↑ "European Free Trade Association (EFTA)". EUR-Lex. 31 December 2020.
  25. ↑ "European Free Trade Association (EFTA)". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  26. ↑ "United Kingdom, Norway and Iceland sign trade continuity agreement". GOV.UK. 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  27. ↑ "UK, Norway and Iceland sign trade continuity deal". Reuters. 8 December 2020. Archived from the original on 29 August 2023. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  28. ↑ "United Kingdom - Norway and Iceland". World Trade Organization. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  29. ↑ "United Kingdom signs free trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". GOV.UK. 8 July 2021. Archived from the original on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  30. ↑ "Brexit: UK announces trade deal with Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein". BBC News. 4 June 2021. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  31. ↑ Williamson, Gavin (September 30, 2018). "Defence Secretary announces new Defence Arctic Strategy". Government Digital Service. Archived from the original on October 3, 2018.
  32. ↑ Tringham, Kate (9 March 2023). "UK establishes new military base in Northern Norway". Jane's Information Group. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  33. ↑ "Norway to join UK Navy deployment to Indo-Pacific next year". GOV.UK. 6 August 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  34. ↑ Starmer, Keir (16 December 2024). "PM meeting with Prime Minister Støre of Norway: 16 December 2024". GOV.UK (in British English). Archived from the original on 16 December 2024. Retrieved 2025-04-08.
  35. ↑ Atlas Institute – A North Sea Defence Alliance
  36. ↑ UK Parliament Submission

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