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Pinus pumila

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Siberian dwarf pine)
Not to be confused with Pinus sibirica, Siberian pine.

Pinus pumila
Foliage and female cones
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Strobus
Section: P. sect. Quinquefoliae
Subsection: P. subsect. Strobus
Species:
P. pumila
Binomial name
Pinus pumila
Synonyms[2]
  • Pinus cembra subsp. pumila (Pall.) Endl.
  • Pinus cembra var. pumila Pall.
  • Pinus cembra var. pygmaea Loudon
  • Pinus nana Lemée & H.Lév.
  • Pinus pumila var. mongolica Nakai
  • Pinus pumila f. auriamentata Y.N.Lee

Pinus pumila, the Siberian dwarf pine, dwarf Siberian pine,[1][3] dwarf stone pine,[1] Japanese stone pine,[3] or creeping pine,[4] is a tree in the family Pinaceae native to northeastern Asia and the Japanese isles. It shares the common name creeping pine with several other plants.

Description

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The Siberian dwarf pine is a coniferous evergreen shrub ranging from 1–3 metres (3–10 feet) in height, exceptionally up to 5 m (16 ft), but may have individual branches that extend further along the ground in length. In the mountains of northern Japan, it sometimes hybridizes with the related Japanese white pine (Pinus parviflora); these hybrids (Pinus × hakkodensis) are larger than P. pumila, reaching 8–10 m (26–33 ft) tall on occasion.[citation needed]

The leaves are needle-like, formed in bundles of five and are 4–6 centimeters long. The cones are 2.5–4.5cm long, with large nut-like seeds (pine nuts).[5]

  • Habit
    Habit
  • Young seed cones
    Young seed cones
  • Male cones
    Male cones

Distribution

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The range covers the Far East, Eastern Siberia, north-east of Mongolia, north-east of China, northern Japan and Korea.[3] Siberian dwarf pine can be found along mountain chains, above the tree line, where it forms dense, uninterrupted thickets; it also grows on the headlands above the Okhotsk and Bering Seas, Tatarsk and Pacific coast (the Kurils).[citation needed]

P. pumila grows very slowly. It can live up to 300 and, in some instances, 1,000 years.[6]

Ecology

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The seeds are harvested and dispersed by the spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes).

  • In its natural habitat, eastern Siberia
    In its natural habitat, eastern Siberia

P. pumila has highly flammable needles, branches, and cones and readily carries crown fires, especially where it grows continuously across local landscapes.[7] It has serotinous cones that release seeds following fire[8] facilitating its recovery following severe fires caused by lightning strikes and other causes.[7][9]

Cultivation

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This plant is grown as an ornamental shrub in parks and gardens. The cultivar P. pumila 'Glauca' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[10]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Farjon, A. (2013). "Pinus pumila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013 e.T42405A2977712. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42405A2977712.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Pinus pumila". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c "Pinus pumila". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  4. ^ Fukui, K.; Sone, T.; Yamagata, K.; Otsuki, Y.; Sawada, Y.; Vetrova, V.; Vyatkina, M. (2008). "Relationships between permafrost distribution and surface organic layers near Esso, central Kamchatka, Russian Far East". Permafrost and Periglacial Processes. 19 (1): 85–92. Bibcode:2008PPPr...19...85F. doi:10.1002/ppp.606. S2CID 130100766.
  5. ^ Piragis, Alexander (11 August 2024). "Pinus pupils (Dwarf Siberian Pine)". Gardenia. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  6. ^ Koropachinsky, I. Yu; Vstovskaya, T. N. (2002). Woody Plants of the Asian part of Russia (in Russian). Novosibirsk: SB RAS, Geo.
  7. ^ a b Wang, Shuo; Zheng, Xin; Du, Yang; Zhang, Guoqiang; Wang, Qianxue; Han, Daxiao; Zhang, Jili (February 2025). "Estimation of short-term vegetation recovery in post-fire Siberian Dwarf Pine (Pinus pumila) shrublands based on Sentinel-2 Data". Fire. 8 (2). MDPI: 47. Bibcode:2025Fire....8...47W. doi:10.3390/fire8020047. ISSN 2571-6255.
  8. ^ He, Tianhua; Pausas, Juli G.; Belcher, Claire M.; Schwilk, Dylan W.; Lamont, Byron B. (May 2012). "Fire-adapted traits of Pinus arose in the fiery Cretaceous". New Phytologist. 194 (3): 751–759. Bibcode:2012NewPh.194..751H. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04079.x. PMID 22348443.
  9. ^ Zhao, Feng Jun; Shu, Li Fu; Wang, Ming Yu; Liu, Bin; Yang, Li Jun (April 2012). "Influencing factors on early vegetation restoration in burned area of Pinus pumila – Larch forest". Acta Ecologica Sinica. 32 (2): 57–61. Bibcode:2012AcEcS..32...57Z. doi:10.1016/j.chnaes.2011.12.006. ISSN 1000-0933.
  10. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Pinus pumila 'Glauca'". Retrieved 6 February 2021.
[edit]
  • Conifers Around the World: Pinus pumila - Hai-Matsu.
  • Media related to Pinus pumila at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Pinus pumila at Wikispecies
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