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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Secretagogin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SCGN gene .[ 5] [ 6]
Secretagogin is expressed in a variety of organs and tissues. It is expressed in pancreatic β cells, where it participates in insulin release.[ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] [ 10] [ 11] [ 12]
There are notable differences in secretagogin expression between mice and humans, particularly in the brain. For example, secretagogin is most highly expressed in the cerebellum of humans, while in mice the olfactory bulb has the most secretagogin-expressing neurons.[ 8]
The encoded protein is a secreted calcium -binding protein which is found in the cytoplasm . It is related to calbindin D-28K and calretinin . This protein is thought to be involved in potassium chloride -stimulated calcium flux and cell proliferation .[ 6] Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and which only then enables stress processes in the brain.
Within pancreatic β cells, secretagogin assists in insulin release, particularly in scaling insulin release to glucose levels.[ 13] [ 14]
In human fetal brain development, secretagogin is expressed in neocortical GABAergic neurons that migrate from the central and lateral ganglionic eminences. Secretagogin expression in these populations is highest right before birth, and wanes into adulthood. When secretagogin was overexpressed in embryonic neurons, their total neurite length and the number of branches increased, suggesting that secretagogin may play a role in neuronal arborization.[ 15]
^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000079689 – Ensembl , May 2017^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000021337 – Ensembl , May 2017^ "Human PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:" . National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine .^ Wagner L; Oliyarnyk O; Gartner W; Nowotny P; Groeger M; Kaserer K; Waldhausl W; Pasternack MS (Sep 2000). "Cloning and expression of secretagogin, a novel neuroendocrine- and pancreatic islet of Langerhans-specific Ca2+-binding protein" . J Biol Chem . 275 (32): 24740– 51. doi :10.1074/jbc.M001974200 PMID 10811645 . ^ a b "Entrez Gene: SCGN secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein" .^ Yang, Seo-Yun; Lee, Jae-Jin; Lee, Jin-Hee; Lee, Kyungeun; Oh, Seung-Hoon; Lim, Yu-Mi; Lee, Myung-Shik; Lee, Kong-Joo (2016-06-10). "Secretagogin affects insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by regulating actin dynamics and focal adhesion" . Biochemical Journal . 473 (12): 1791– 1803. doi :10.1042/BCJ20160137 . ISSN 0264-6021 . PMC 4901359 PMID 27095850 . ^ a b Gartner, W.; Lang, W.; Leutmetzer, F.; Domanovits, H.; Waldhäusl, W.; Wagner, L. (2001-12-01). "Cerebral Expression and Serum Detectability of Secretagogin, a Recently Cloned EF-hand Ca2+ -binding Protein" Cerebral Cortex . 11 (12): 1161– 1169. doi :10.1093/cercor/11.12.1161 . ISSN 1047-3211 . PMID 11709487 . ^ Zahola, Péter; Hanics, János; Pintér, Anna; Máté, Zoltán; Gáspárdy, Anna; Hevesi, Zsófia; Echevarria, Diego; Adori, Csaba; Barde, Swapnali; Törőcsik, Beáta; Erdélyi, Ferenc; Szabó, Gábor; Wagner, Ludwig; Kovacs, Gabor G; Hökfelt, Tomas (2019-05-29). "Secretagogin expression in the vertebrate brainstem with focus on the noradrenergic system and implications for Alzheimer's disease" . Brain Structure & Function . 224 (6): 2061– 2078. doi :10.1007/s00429-019-01886-w . PMC 6591208 PMID 31144035 . ^ a b Shi, Tie-Jun Sten; Xiang, Qiong; Zhang, Ming-Dong; Tortoriello, Giuseppe; Hammarberg, Henrik; Mulder, Jan; Fried, Kaj; Wagner, Ludwig; Josephson, Anna; Uhlén, Mathias; Harkany, Tibor; Hökfelt, Tomas (2012-01-01). "Secretagogin is Expressed in Sensory CGRP Neurons and in Spinal Cord of Mouse and Complements other Calcium-Binding Proteins, with a Note on Rat and Human" . Molecular Pain . 8 : 80. doi :10.1186/1744-8069-8-80 ISSN 1744-8069 . PMC 3560279 PMID 23102406 . ^ Hamnett, Ryan; Dershowitz, Lori B.; Sampathkumar, Vandana; Wang, Ziyue; Gomez-Frittelli, Julieta; Andrade, Vincent De; Kasthuri, Narayanan; Druckmann, Shaul; Kaltschmidt, Julia A. (2022-10-24). "Regional cytoarchitecture of the adult and developing mouse enteric nervous system" . Current Biology . 32 (20): 4483–4492.e5. Bibcode :2022CBio...32E4483H . doi :10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.030 . ISSN 0960-9822 . PMC 9613618 PMID 36070775 . ^ Drokhlyansky, Eugene; Smillie, Christopher S.; Van Wittenberghe, Nicholas; Ericsson, Maria; Griffin, Gabriel K.; Eraslan, Gokcen; Dionne, Danielle; Cuoco, Michael S.; Goder-Reiser, Max N.; Sharova, Tatyana; Kuksenko, Olena; Aguirre, Andrew J.; Boland, Genevieve M.; Graham, Daniel; Rozenblatt-Rosen, Orit (2020-09-03). "The Human and Mouse Enteric Nervous System at Single-Cell Resolution" . Cell . 182 (6): 1606–1622.e23. doi :10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.003 . ISSN 0092-8674 . PMC 8358727 PMID 32888429 . ^ Yang, Seo-Yun; Lee, Jae-Jin; Lee, Jin-Hee; Lee, Kyungeun; Oh, Seung-Hoon; Lim, Yu-Mi; Lee, Myung-Shik; Lee, Kong-Joo (2016-06-10). "Secretagogin affects insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells by regulating actin dynamics and focal adhesion" . Biochemical Journal . 473 (12): 1791– 1803. doi :10.1042/BCJ20160137 . ISSN 0264-6021 . PMC 4901359 PMID 27095850 . ^ Qin, Jiao; Liu, Qi; Liu, Zhe; Pan, Yun-Zu; Sifuentes-Dominguez, Luis; Stepien, Karolina P; Wang, Yan; Tu, Yingfeng; Tan, Shuai; Wang, Yuan; Sun, Qingxiang; Mo, Xianming; Rizo, Josep; Burstein, Ezra; Jia, Da (2020-03-10). "Structural and mechanistic insights into secretagogin-mediated exocytosis" . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America . 117 (12): 6559– 6570. Bibcode :2020PNAS..117.6559Q . doi :10.1073/pnas.1919698117 PMC 7104245 PMID 32156735 . ^ Raju, Chandrasekhar S; Spatazza, Julien; Stanco, Amelia; Larimer, Phillip; Sorrells, Shawn F; Kelley, Kevin W; Nicholas, Cory R; Paredes, Mercedes F; Lui, Jan H; Hasenstaub, Andrea R; Kriegstein, Arnold R; Alvarez-Buylla, Arturo; Rubenstein, John L; Oldham, Michael C (2018-06-01). "Secretagogin is Expressed by Developing Neocortical GABAergic Neurons in Humans but not Mice and Increases Neurite Arbor Size and Complexity" . Cerebral Cortex . 28 (6): 1946– 1958. doi :10.1093/cercor/bhx101 . ISSN 1047-3211 . PMC 6019052 PMID 28449024 .
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