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Wind power by country

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Global map of wind speed at 100 m above surface level[1]

The worldwide total cumulative installed electricity generation capacity from wind power has increased rapidly since the start of the third millennium, and as of the end of 2023, it amounts to over 1000 GW.[2] Since 2010, more than half of all new wind power was added outside the traditional markets of Europe and North America, mainly driven by the continuing boom in China and India. China alone had over 40% of the world's capacity in 2023.[2]

Wind power is used on a commercial basis in more than half of all the countries of the world.[3] Denmark produced 58% of its electricity from wind in 2023, a larger share than any other country. Latvia's wind capacity grew by 75%, the largest percent increase in 2022.[2]

In November 2018, wind power generation in Scotland was higher than the country's electricity consumption during the month.[4] Wind power's share of worldwide electricity usage in 2023 was 7.8%, up from 7.3% from the prior year.[a][2] In Europe, wind was 12.3% of generation in 2023.[2] In 2018, upcoming wind power markets rose from 8% to 10% across the Middle East, Latin America, South East Asia, and Africa.[5]

Generation by country

[edit]
Yearly wind generation by continent[2]
Wind generation by country, 2021[2]

Number of countries with wind
capacities in the gigawatt-scale

Growing number of wind gigawatt-markets
  Over 1 GW
  • 2021 Kazakhstan Taiwan Russia Vietnam
    2019 Ukraine
    2018 Pakistan Egypt Morocco
    2017 Norway
    2016 Chile Uruguay South Korea
    2015 South Africa Finland
    2012 Mexico Romania
    2011 Brazil Belgium
    2010 Austria Poland Turkey
    2009 Greece
    2008 Republic of Ireland Australia Sweden
    2006 Canada France
    2005 United Kingdom China Japan Portugal
    2004 Netherlands Italy
    1999 Spain India
    1997 Denmark
    1995 Germany
    1986 United States
  Over 10 GW
  • 2021Turkey Sweden
    2018 Italy
    2016 Brazil
    2015 Canada France
    2013 United Kingdom
    2009 India
    2008 China
    2006 United States Spain
    2002 Germany
  Over 100 GW
  • 2019 United States
    2014 China                  

The following table lists these data for each country:

Data are sourced from Ember and refer to the year 2024 unless otherwise specified.[2] The table only includes countries with more than 0.1 TWh of generation.

Country Gen
(TWh) 		%
gen. 		Cap.
(GW) 		% cap.
growth 		Cap.
fac.
 World 2497.25 8.1 1132.84 11.1 25%
 China 991.60 9.8 521.75 18.1 22%
 United States 453.45 10.3 153.15 3.5 34%
 Germany 133.44 28.0 72.82 4.8 21%
 Brazil 107.81 14.5 32.96 13.2 37%
 United Kingdom 84.30 30.0 30.90 2.5 31%
 India 81.57 4.0 48.16 7.6 19%
 Spain 62.93 22.4 31.81 3.1 23%
 Canada 45.12 7.2 18.38 8.2 28%
 France 43.19 7.7 24.59 6.3 20%
 Sweden 40.84 23.6 17.24 6.3 27%
 Turkey 36.53 10.7 12.97 9.8 32%
 Netherlands 33.04 27.0 11.68 8.9 32%
 Australia 32.71 11.7 15.29 18.4 24%
 Poland 24.84 14.6 10.06 7.7 28%
 Italy 22.37 8.5 12.99 5.5 20%
 Mexico 20.94 5.8 7.32 0.0 33%
 Denmark 20.53 57.9 7.62 4.7 31%
 Finland 20.37 24.4 8.36 20.3 28%
 Argentina 16.17 11.0 4.32 16.4 43%
 Norway 14.50 9.3 5.15 1.8 32%
 Portugal 14.38 31.1 5.58 0.7 29%
 Belgium 14.01 18.7 5.60 2.8 28%
 Vietnam 12.53 4.1 6.18 4.9 23%
 Greece 12.53 21.8 5.36 2.5 26%
 Ireland 11.44 37.0 4.94 4.2 26%
 South Africa 11.10 4.5 3.44 0.0 37%
 Japan 10.59 1.0 5.83 9.2 21%
 Chile 10.58 11.9 4.81 4.1 25%
 Taiwan 10.30 3.6 3.89 45.2 30%
 Austria 9.44 12.0 4.03 3.3 27%
 Morocco 9.31 21.2 2.13 14.5 50%
 Egypt 6.94 3.0 2.20 16.4 36%
 Romania 6.43 12.2 3.10 2.3 24%
 Russia 5.55 0.5 2.57 1.6 25%
 Pakistan 5.45 3.0 1.85 0.0 34%
 Uruguay 4.75 27.5 1.52 0.0 36%
 New Zealand 4.40 9.9 1.26 18.9 40%
 Kazakhstan 4.34 3.7 1.41 -2.1 35%
 Peru 3.90 6.1 1.15 13.9 39%
 Thailand 3.37 1.8 1.54 0.0 27%
 South Korea 3.37 0.5 2.30 4.6 17%
 Lithuania 3.32 45.4 1.83 43.0 21%
 Croatia 2.47 16.1 1.19 2.6 24%
 Kenya 1.81 14.1 0.44 0.0 47%
 Kuwait (2023) 1.72 2.0 0.01 0.0
 Bulgaria 1.48 4.0 0.70 0.0 24%
 Saudi Arabia (2023) 1.45 0.3 0.40 0.0 41%
 Iran 1.33 0.3 0.38 5.6 40%
 Costa Rica 1.26 10.2 0.40 -2.4 36%
 Philippines 1.23 1.0 0.44 0.0 32%
 Estonia 1.16 19.1 0.57 67.7 23%
 Dominican Republic 1.12 4.2 0.43 2.4 30%
 Serbia 1.09 2.9 0.60 17.7 21%
 Sri Lanka 0.94 5.5 0.27 0.0 40%
 Panama (2023) 0.89 6.9 0.34 0.0 30%
 Israel (2023) 0.74 1.0 0.34 142.9 25%
 Senegal (2023) 0.74 9.2 0.16 0.0 53%
 Honduras (2023) 0.69 5.9 0.24 0.0 33%
 Czech Republic 0.68 0.9 0.36 5.9 22%
 Hungary 0.67 1.8 0.32 0.0 24%
 Mongolia 0.56 6.7 0.16 6.7 40%
 Ethiopia (2023) 0.56 3.1 0.32 -20.0 20%
 Nicaragua (2023) 0.56 12.8 0.19 0.0 34%
 Indonesia (2023) 0.48 0.1 0.15 0.0 36%
 Luxembourg 0.45 28.9 0.21 0.0 24%
 Bolivia 0.44 3.6 0.14 0.0 36%
 Guatemala (2023) 0.34 2.5 0.11 0.0 35%
 Tunisia 0.33 1.6 0.25 0.0 15%
 Montenegro 0.30 8.1 0.12 0.0 28%
 Latvia 0.27 4.2 0.13 0.0 24%
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.26 1.7 0.22 57.1 13%
 Puerto Rico 0.22 1.2 0.13 30.0 19%
 Moldova 0.21 4.0 0.12 -14.3 20%
 Cyprus 0.20 3.5 0.16 0.0 14%
 Belarus 0.19 0.4 0.12 0.0 18%
 North Macedonia 0.19 3.3 0.07 0.0 31%
 Switzerland 0.19 0.2 0.10 11.1 22%
 Kosovo 0.12 1.8 0.14 0.0 10%
 Oman 0.12 0.3 0.05 0.0 27%

Asia

[edit]
Main article: Wind power in Asia

Wind power in Asia is an important component in the Asian energy industry and one of the key sources of renewable energy in the region. As of April 2016, the installed capacity of wind power in Asia (excluding the Middle East) totalled 175,831 MW.[6] Asia is the fastest growing region in terms of wind energy, having increased its installed capacity by 33,858 MW in 2005 (a 24% increase over 2014). China, with 145,362 MW of installed capacity, is the world's largest generator of electricity from wind energy. India is the second largest in Asia with an installed capacity of 25,088 MW.[6] Other key countries include Japan (1,394 MW), Taiwan (188 MW), South Korea (173 MW) and the Philippines (33 MW).[7]

Africa

[edit]
Main article: Wind power in Africa
See also: Wind power in Kenya and Wind power in Morocco
Wind Speed in Sub-Saharan Africa.[8]
Total Wind energy capacity 2015–2024 (MW)[9]: 14 
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024
3,320 3,831 4,578 5,471 5,528 6,514 6,909 7,745 8,654 9,233

The Koudia Al Baida Farm in Morocco, is the largest wind farm in the continent. Two other large wind farms are under construction in Tangier and Tarfaya.

Kenya is building a wind farm, the Lake Turkana Wind Power (LTWP), in Marsabit County. As Africa's largest wind farm, the project will increase the national electricity supply while creating jobs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. LTWP is planned to produce 310 MW of wind power at full capacity.[10] [11]

In January 2009, the first wind turbine in West Africa was erected in Batokunku, a village in The Gambia. The 150 kilowatt turbine provides electrical power for the 2,000-person village.[12]

The South African REIPPP has resulted in several wind farms already in commercial operation in the country. These wind farms are currently in operation in the provinces of the Eastern, Northern and Western Cape. It is estimated that 10 farms are already under construction or in operation, with 12 more being approved with the 4th Round of the REIPPP.

Darling Wind Farm in South Africa

Europe

[edit]
Main article: Wind power in Europe

As of 2023, Europe had a total installed wind capacity of 255 gigawatts (GW).[13] In 2017, a total of 15,680 MW of wind power was installed, representing 55% of all new power capacity, and the wind power generated 336 TWh of electricity, enough to supply 11.6% of the EU's electricity consumption.[14]

In Q4 2023, wind power exceeded coal in European electricity generation for the first time, generating 193 TWh compared to coal's 184 TWh. Despite wind installation challenges, wind generation rose by 20% from 2022. New policies aim to further boost wind power in 2024.[15]

As of 2024, the EU's wind capacity and generation remain on an upwards trend.

WindEurope (formerly known as The European Wind Energy Association) has estimated that 230 gigawatts of wind capacity will be installed in Europe by 2020, consisting of 190 GW onshore and 40 GW offshore. This would produce 14-17% of the EU's electricity, avoiding 333 million tonnes of CO2 per year and saving Europe €28 billion a year in fuel costs.[16][17]

Research from a wide variety of sources in various European countries shows that support for wind power is consistently about 80 per cent among the general public.[18]

By 2020, 56% wind power penetration was achieved in Denmark, 36% in Lithuania, 35% in Ireland, 23% in Portugal, 23% in Germany, 20% in Spain, 18% in Greece, 16% in Sweden, 15% (avg) in the EU.[19]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Wind was 2307 TWh out of 29,562 TWh total in 2023, compared to 2101 TWh out of 28,850 TWh total in 2022.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Global Wind Atlas". Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h "Yearly electricity data". ember-climate.org. 2025. Retrieved 14 May 2025.
  3. ^ "Countries - Online Access - The wind power - Wind energy market intelligence". The Wind Power. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
  4. ^ "'Historic' month as wind power meets 109% of energy demands". STV. Retrieved 18 December 2018.
  5. ^ "The wind energy capacity in 2018". 21 June 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Global Wind Report 2014 - Annual Market Update" (PDF). report. GWEC. 22 April 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2016.
  7. ^ Global wind energy markets continue to boom – 2006 another record year
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Global Wind Atlas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference :62 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ "LEDS in practice: Massive wind power project to benefit Kenya". Low Emission Development Strategies Global Partnership (LEDS GP). Retrieved 12 July 2017.
  11. ^ "Lake Turkana Wind Power – LTWP". Retrieved 2 April 2019.
  12. ^ Dierk Jensen (March 2009). "A Second Life in Africa". New Energy Magazine. Retrieved 24 June 2009.
  13. ^ "Wind energy in Europe: 2022 Statistics and the outlook for 2023-2027". WindEurope. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 13 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Wind in Power 2017" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 19 February 2018.
  15. ^ "Wind overtakes coal for electricity generation in Europe". Reuters. 10 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 April 2011. Retrieved 21 January 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ^ The Harris Poll#119 (13 October 2010). "Large Majorities in U.S. and Five Largest European Countries Favor More Wind Farms and Subsidies for Bio-fuels, but Opinion is Split on Nuclear Power" (Press release). PR Newswire. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 6 April 2012.{{cite press release}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "The Social Acceptance of Wind Energy". European Commission. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
  19. ^ "Share of electricity production from wind, 2020". Ourworldindata.org. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
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