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Ennedi Est (province)

Coordinates: 17°39′N 23°9′E / 17.650°N 23.150°E / 17.650; 23.150
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Ennedi Est
إنيدي الشرقية
Province
Hoodoos in the Ennedi Plateau
Hoodoos in the Ennedi Plateau
Map of Chad highlighting the Ennedi-Est region in red.
Map of Chad highlighting the Ennedi-Est region in red.
Coordinates: 17°39′N 23°9′E / 17.650°N 23.150°E / 17.650; 23.150
CountryChad
Created4 September 2012
Regional capitalAmdjarass
Government
 • Delegate generalMahamat Togou Tchohimi
Population
 (2009 census)[1]
 • Total
107,302
 • Estimate 
(2018 projection)[2]
147,956
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (WAT)

Ennedi Est (Arabic: إنيدي الشرقية) is one of the twenty-three provinces of Chad. The capital of the province is Amdjarass.

History

[edit]

Ennedi Est was established on September 4, 2012 from part of the former Ennedi Region.[3] It appears to cover the same territory as the former Ennedi Est Department.[4]

From 1960 to 1999, the province was part of the Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti Prefecture, and until 2008 was the Ennedi Est Department in the region of the same name. From 2008 to 2012, the province was part of the Ennedi Region as the Wadi Hawar department until the Ennedi Region was divided.

Geography

[edit]

The province is situated in the far northeast of Chad. It borders Kufra District in Libya to the north, North Darfur in Sudan to the east, Wadi Fira Region to the south, and Ennedi-Ouest Region to the west. The region is geographically part of the Sahara Desert, and contains features such as the Erdi Plateau and the Mourdi Depression in the north, and the eastern portion of the Ennedi Plateau in the center. The Ennedi Plateau is protected as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and the portion in Ennedi Est contains attractions such as Julia Arch[5] and the guelta of Bachikélé, noted for its population of Rauvolfia afra, a tree that normally grows in the African tropics.[6]

The province's northern section lies within the Aouzou Strip, historically a point of dispute between Chad and Libya.[7]

Climate

[edit]

Ennedi Est has a hot semi-arid climate (BWh) according to the Köppen climate classification. The province experiences a wide range of temperatures throughout the year, ranging from cooler temperatures in January and February that can drop to 6°C (43°F) and rising to peak temperatures in May that can reach over 41°C (106°F). Temperatures in the summer are warm but generally stable (around 31°C or 88°F) and start to cool in the winter, staying around 10°C (51°F).[8]

Settlements

[edit]

Amdjarass is the provincial capital. It recorded a population of 20,850 in the 2009 census.[1]

The largest settlement in the province is the Ouré Cassoni refugee camp, located near Bahaï in the southern part of Ennedi Est, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) away from the Sudanese border. It was opened in 2004 in response to the War in Darfur,[9] and recorded a population of 67,682 people in 16,797 households as of May 2025. Over 99% of the refugees are of Zaghawa ethnicity, and 92% are women and children.[10]

Demographics

[edit]

The main ethnolinguistic groups are the Dazaga, Toubou and the Zaghawa.[11]

Government and subdivisions

[edit]

Subdivisions

[edit]

Ennedi Est is divided into two departments:[3]

Department Capital Communes
Am-Djarass Am-Djarass Am-Djarass, Bao, Djouna, Kaoura
Wadi Hawar Wadi-Hawar Bahaï, Birdouani

Leaders

[edit]

Until 2025, the leaders of the provinces of Chad were previously known as governors. In 2025, the position was renamed delegate general of the government.[12]

  • September 2012 – 2014; ? – 2017: Hassan Djorobo Beïra[13][14]
  • 2018 – 2019?: Mahamat Zène Elhadj Yaya[15]
  • June 2019 – July 2019: Moukhtar Ngarbaye Tombalbaye[16]
  • July 2019 – May 2020: Ahmat Kardayo Hissein[17]
  • May 2020 – March 2021: Ngarboudjim Medeur Jacob[18]
  • March 2021 – October 2021: Mbaiomdenande Dionadji Alain[19]
  • October 2021 – January 2023: Issakha Malloua Djamous[20][21]
  • January 2023 – April 2023: Mahamat Abdelkerim Ali[22]
  • April 2023 – September 2023: Tom Djeroua[23]
  • September 2023 – February 2025: Ahmat Kardayo Hissein[24]
  • February 2025 – present: Mahamat Togou Tchohimi[12]

Infrastructure

[edit]

Amdjarass Airport was opened on 28 December 2022.[25] It is located 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) southwest of Amdjarass and has a 3,050-metre-long (10,010 ft) runway, the longest in Chad.[26] The United Nations has accused the United Arab Emirates of using the airport to send weapons to the Rapid Support Forces fighting in Sudan. The UAE has denied this, claiming it has been sending humanitarian aid rather than arms.[27]

The Ouré Cassoni refugee camp is located near Kariari Dam, which has a storage capacity of 12 million cubic metres (9,700 acre⋅ft).[28][29] Here, the United Arab Emirates is building a water treatment plant to supply drinking water to Amdjarass and the surrounding areas.[30]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Brinkhoff, Thomas (15 May 2019). "Chad". City Population. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  2. ^ "Population". INSEED. 2018. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  3. ^ a b Déby, Idriss (4 September 2012). "Ordonnance No. 27/PR/2012" (PDF). Republic of Chad. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  4. ^ Law, Gwillim. "Regions of Chad". Statoids. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  5. ^ Chander, Vikas. "Julia Arch". Vikas Chander Astrophotography. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  6. ^ "Ennedi Massif: Natural and Cultural Landscape". World Heritage Datasheet. IUCN, UNEP-WCMC. December 2016. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  7. ^ Geoffrey Leslie Simons, Libya and the West: from independence to Lockerbie, Centre for Libyan Studies (Oxford, England). Pg. 57
  8. ^ "Ennedi-Est Climate". nomadseason.com. Retrieved 20 June 2025.
  9. ^ "Relocating a refugee camp in volatile east". N'Djamena: The New Humanitarian. 30 September 2009. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  10. ^ Rapport d'évaluation multisectorielle (Report) (in French). UNHCR. 21 May 2025. p. 4. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  11. ^ "Languages of Chad". Ethnologue. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
  12. ^ a b "Tchad : Les 22 Gouverneurs de provinces rebaptisés Délégués Généraux du Gouvernement auprès des provinces" (in French). Tribune Echos. 22 January 2025. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  13. ^ "Le Chef l'Etat IDRISS DEBY ITNO en vacances à Am-Djarass". Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Republic of Chad. 7 July 2013. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  14. ^ "Tchad : plusieurs gouverneurs de province nommés par décret" (in French). Alwihda Info. 5 January 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  15. ^ "Tchad : Le président donne un mois à 5 gouverneurs pour "faire régner l'ordre"" (in French). Alwihda Info. 28 April 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  16. ^ "Tchad : des gouverneurs de province nommés par décret" (in French). Alwihda Info. 10 June 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  17. ^ "Tchad : plusieurs gouverneurs de province nommés par décret" (in French). Alwihda Info. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  18. ^ Wiche, Djimet (12 July 2019). "Tchad : "l'Ennedi Est, c'est une province qui n'a pas de difficultés" (gouverneur)" (in French). Alwihda Info. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  19. ^ "Décret : Nomination d'un Gouverneur de Province" (in French). Toumaï Web Médias. 13 March 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  20. ^ Utilisateur, Super (2025-06-20). "Tchad: Nomination des gouverneurs de provinces". Tchad Actu (in French). Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  21. ^ Soulyemane, Torbo (2024-05-27). "Tchad : qui sont les six nouveaux visages du Gouvernement de la 5ᵉ République ?". Le N'Djam Post (in French). Retrieved 2025-06-20.
  22. ^ Ousmane, Diarra (17 January 2023). "Nominations : Quelques Gouverneurs remplacés" (in French). Tchadinfos. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  23. ^ "Six gouverneurs de provinces sont remplacés" (in French). Le Pays. 31 March 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  24. ^ "Tchad : le SGG présente le projet de Constitution à l'Ennedi-Est" (in French). Alwihda Info. 22 November 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2025.
  25. ^ Ngarndinon, Madjissembaye (28 December 2022). "Tchad : l'aéroport d'Amdjarass est baptisé aéroport international Maréchal Idriss Déby Itno" (in French). Tchadinfos. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023.
  26. ^ "2.2.2 Chad Amdjarass International Airport". Logistics Capacity Assessments. Logistics Cluster. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  27. ^ Levinson, Reade; Lewis, David (12 December 2024). "Dozens of UAE flights head to airstrip UN says supplies arms to Sudan rebels". London: Reuters. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  28. ^ Husarska, Anna (23 February 2010). "Too many refugees, too little water". openDemocracy. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  29. ^ Anyango, Anita (3 July 2023). "Chad launch tender for pumping and drinking water plants in Kariari". Pumps Africa. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
  30. ^ "Tchad : le Ministre de l'Eau inspecte les travaux d'adduction d'eau potable à Amdjarass" (in French). Dari Infos. 19 June 2025. Retrieved 26 October 2025.
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