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List of circular cities

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Several ancient cities of Mesopotamia and Persia are known to have had a circular plan.


The Round City of Baghdad, reconstructed by Guy Le Strange (1900)
Aerial photo of the modern town of Firuzabad and the ancient circular city of Gor nearby. Greenery seen from above with segmentation due to infrastructure visible; a large circular segment is prominently featured.
Aerial photo of the modern town of Firuzabad and the ancient circular city of Gor nearby[1]

List of circular cities

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List of cities with circular design
City/town Establishment Coordinates Notes Reference
Sagbat/Hagmatana 700 BC [2]
Sam'al Hittite period [2]
Ctesiphon Details are still under discussion. Circularity may be a result of natural growth of the city rather than design. [3]
Metropolis (Thessaly) 3rd and 2nd century BC Early Western travelers reported that the fortifications surrounding the ancient city was completely circular. [4]
Hatra 3rd or 2nd century BC The plan is round, but it lacks "a genuine geometrical concept". [3]
Gōr (old Firuzabad) 3rd century[dubious – discuss] The city plan was a perfect circle of 1,950 m diameter, divided into twenty sectors. The plan also featured a circular city center, with a tower at its very center. [5]
Veh-Ardashir 3rd century The circular wall is uncovered. [6]
Harran Sasanian period [2]
Gay / Jay (Isfahan's twin city) [7]
Isfahan The round city of Isfahan is not uncovered yet. [3]
Basra 630s Known mostly from literature. [2]
Kufa 630s Known mostly from literature. [2]
Baghdad 762 Known as "the round city of Baghdad". [3][8]
Darab 8th century The uncovered imperfect circular perimeter is reportedly a defensive work built in the 8th century, and the city itself was triangular in design. [9]
Heraqla 790s [2]
Venus Project (design) 1955 In Miami, Jacques Fresco presented designs of a circular city.
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A map of Walls and the districts therein:
  Maria
  Rose
  Sina

In the anime series Attack on Titan, the city of Trost, is based on a circular design.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Huff, D. "ARCHITECTURE iii. Sasanian Period". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Arce, Ignacio (1 January 2008). "Umayyad Building Techniques and the Merging of Roman-Byzantine and Partho-Sassanian Traditions: Continuity and Change". Late Antique Archaeology. 4 (1): 494–495. doi:10.1163/22134522-90000099. ISSN 1570-6893. Retrieved 4 April 2019.
  3. ^ a b c d Huff, D. "ARCHITECTURE iii. Sasanian Period". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  4. ^ Leake, W. (20 March 1967). "Travels in Northern Greece". Archive.org. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
  5. ^ Huff, Dietrich. "FĪRŪZĀBĀD". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  6. ^ Morony, Michael. "MADĀʾEN – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  7. ^ Salma, K. Jayyusi; Holod, Renata; Petruccioli, Attilio; André, Raymond (2008). The City in the Islamic World. Leiden: Brill. p. 174. ISBN 9789004162402.
  8. ^ Fontana, Maria Vittoria. "ART IN IRAN xii. IRANIAN PRE-ISLAMIC ELEMENTS – Encyclopaedia Iranica". www.iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  9. ^ Huff, Dietrich. "DĀRĀB (2)". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
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