September 13

September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

Up to 1900

• 509 BC – The temple of Jupiter on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
• 81 – Domitian becomes Roman Emperor.
• 122 – The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.
• 335 – Emperor Constantine I consecrates the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
• 533 – Belisarius and the Roman Empire defeat Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium near Carthage, North Africa.
• 604 – Pope Sabinianus is consecrated.
• 1440 – Gilles de Rais is taken into custody upon an accusation brought against him by the Bishop of Nantes.
• 1501 – Michelangelo begins work on his famous statue David.
• 1541 – John Calvin returns to Geneva after three years in exile, to re–form the Calvinist Church.
• 1584 – The Spanish royal palace San Lorenzo del Escorial, near Madrid, is completed.
• 1598 – Philip III of Spain becomes King.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson reaches the river that will later be named after him – the Hudson River.
• 1743 – England, Austria and Savoy–Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms.
• 1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
• 1782 – American Revolutionary War: French–Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
• 1788 – The United States Constitutional Convention sets the date for the country's first presidential election, and New York City becomes the temporary capital of the U.S.
• 1791 – King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution
• 1813 – The British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland. Turning point in the War of 1812.
• 1843 – The Greek Army rebels against the autocratic rule of King Otto of Greece.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American General Winfield Scott captures Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
• 1848 – American Phineas Gage survives an accident in which an iron pole goes through his head. The resulting change in his behaviour becomes the subject of several scientific studies.
• 1850 – First successful climb of Piz Bernina, the highest summit in the Eastern portion of the Alps.
• 1858 – A fire on German passenger steamer Austria kills 471 people.
• 1862 – Union soldiers find Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland.
• 1898 – Hannibal Williston Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film
• 1899 – Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
• 1900 – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a larger American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine American War.

1901 – 1950

• 1906 – First airplane flight in Europe
• 1914 – During World War I, South African troops open hostilities in German SW Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
• 1914 – World War I: Battle of Aisne begins between France and Germany.
• 1922 – The temperature (in the shade) at Al 'Aziziyah, Libya reaches a world record 136.4 °F (58 °C), though this measurement was doubted in 2012 and the record given back to the 57 degrees Celsius measured at Death Valley, California in 1913.
• 1923 – Military coup in Spain – Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
• 1928 – A hurricane devastates the Caribbean.
• 1933 – Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman to be elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
• 1939 – Canada enters World War II.
• 1940 – World War II: German bombs damage Buckingham Palace.
• 1940 – World War II: Italy invades Egypt.
• 1941 – Two of the worst tragedies in Norwegian shipping occur. In the Finnmark region, a passenger steamer of the Hurtigruten line is sunk by a British U–boat, killing 99. On the same night, at Vestfjord, a passenger ship is sunk by a British torpedo, killing 112.
• 1943 – Chiang Kai-shek elected president of the Republic of China.
• 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
• 1950 – West Germany holds its first census, establishing a population of 47.3 million.

1951 – 2000

• 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary–general of the Soviet Union.
• 1956 – The dyke around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
• 1959 – The Soviet Lunik 2 space probe lands on the moon.
• 1965 – Baseball: Willie Mays becomes the fifth member of the 500 home run club with a home run at the Astrodome in Houston, Texas.
• 1968 – Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
• 1970 – First running of the New York City Marathon.
• 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt. 42 people die in the assault.
• 1971 – Frank Robinson becomes the 11th member of the 500 home run club with a home run at Memorial Stadium in Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognized outside South Africa).
• 1985 – The Super Mario Bros. video game is released by Nintendo in Japan.
• 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and leading some to die from radiation poisoning.
• 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere (based on barometric pressure).
• 1989 – Largest anti–Apartheid march is held in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
• 1991 – A concrete beam weighing 55 tons falls in the Olympic Stadium, Montreal, Canada.
• 1993 – Public unveiling of the Oslo Accords, an Israeli–Palestinian peace agreement initiated by Norway.
• 1994 – Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
• 1996 – After surviving for six days, U.S. rapper/actor Tupac Shakur dies after being shot four times in a drive by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada.
• 1999 – A bomb explodes in Moscow, Russia. At least 119 people are killed.

From 2001

• 2001 – Civilian airplane traffic in the U.S., which had been grounded following the September 11, 2001 attacks, is allowed to resume.
• 2004 – The anime InuYasha finishes its run in Japan with episode 167.
• 2005 – The Israelis abandon the Gaza Strip.
• 2005 – Major Japanese Pop group Do As Infinity announces that it's disbanding.
• 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
• 2008 – Delhi, India is hit by a series of bomb blasts, killing 30.
• 2008 – Hurricane Ike hits Texas.
• 2012 – 2012 U.S. diplomatic missions attacks: Protests spread to US diplomatic missions in Yemen, Morocco, Sudan and Yemen, as well as the Swiss Embassy in Tehran, which handles US interests in Iran.
• 2023 – Israel attacks Syria's west coast, killing two soldiers and injuring six.

Births

Up to 1850

• 64 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
• 678 – K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Mayan ruler (d. 730)
• 1087 – John II Komnene, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
• 1475 – Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat and ruler (d. 1507)
• 1502 – John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
• 1521 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
• 1594 – Francesco Manelli, Italian composer (d. 1667)
• 1601 – Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish painter (d. 1678)
• 1630 – Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish polymath (d. 1702)
• 1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
• 1755 – Oliver Evans, American inventor (d. 1819)
• 1766 – Samuel Wilson, likely namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
• 1775 – Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
• 1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and political writer (d. 1880)
• 1813 – Jozsef Eotvos, Hungarian writer and statesman (d. 1871)
• 1813 – John Sedgwick, American general (d. 1864)
• 1818 – Gustave Aimard, French writer (d. 1893)
• 1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
• 1830 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
• 1842 – John H. Bankhead, American politician (d. 1920)
• 1842 – Jan Puczyna de Kosielsno, Polish cardinal (d. 1911)

1851 – 1900

• 1851 – Walter Reed, American bacteriologist (d. 1902)
• 1853 – Hans Christian Gram, Danish bacteriologist (d. 1938)
• 1856 – Sergei Winogradsky, Russian microbiologist (d. 1953)
• 1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
• 1860 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
• 1863 – Arthur Henderson, British politician (d. 1935)
• 1865 – William Birdwood, British general (d. 1951)
• 1872 – Kijuro Shidehara, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1951)
• 1873 – Constantin Caratheodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
• 1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian–born composer (d. 1951)
• 1874 – Henry F. Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
• 1876 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
• 1877 – Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Stanley Lord, English captain (d. 1962)
• 1880 – Jesse L. Lasky, American movie producer (d. 1958)
• 1882 – Ramon Grau, 6th President of Cuba (d. 1969)
• 1883 – Giovanni Pastrone, Italian filmmaker (d. 1959)
• 1884 – Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1957)
• 1885 – Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian mathematician and author (d. 1962)
• 1885 – Alain LeRoy Locke, American writer, philosopher and educator (d. 1954)
• 1886 – Robert Robinson, British chemist (d. 1975)
• 1886 – Amelie Beese, German pilot (d. 1925)
• 1887 – Lavoslav Ruzicka, Croatian chemist (d. 1976)
• 1887 – Theodore Roosevelt, Jr., American politician (d. 1944)
• 1890 – Antony Noghès, French businessman (d. 1978)
• 1891 – Max Pruss, German airship commander (d. 1960)
• 1892 – Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia (d. 1980)
• 1893 – Larry Shields, American clarinetist (d. 1953)
• 1894 – J. B. Priestley, British playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
• 1894 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Morris Kirksey, American athlete (d. 1981)
• 1899 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)

1901 – 1950

• 1903 – Claudette Colbert, French–born actress (d. 1996)
• 1904 – Luigi Bertolini, Italian footballer (d. 1977)
• 1908 – Carlos Peucelle, Argentine footballer (d. 1990)
• 1908 – Mae Questel, American actress (d. 1998)
• 1908 – Sicco Mansholt, Dutch politician, 4th President of the European Commission (d. 1995)
• 1909 – Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster (d. 2014)
• 1909 – James A. Rhodes, Governor of Ohio (d. 2001)
• 1911 – Bill Monroe, American Country musician (d. 1996)
• 1912 – Horace W. Babcock, American astronomer (d. 2003)
• 1913 – Tadao Horie, Japanese footballer (d. 2003)
• 1914 – Leonard Feather, British–born jazz pianist, composer and producer (d. 1994)
• 1916 – Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
• 1918 – Ray Charles, American musician (d. 2015)
• 1918 – Dick Haymes, American singer and actor (d. 1980)
• 1918 – Rosemary Kennedy, sister of John F. Kennedy (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Olle Anderberg, Swedish wrestler (d. 2003)
• 1919 – Mary Midgley, English philosopher and author (d. 2018)
• 1923 – Zoya Ksmodenskaya, Soviet–Russian partisan (d. 1941)
• 1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
• 1924 – Norman Alden, American actor (d. 2012)
• 1925 – Frank Cashen, American Major League Baseball general manager (d. 2014)
• 1926 – Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1927 – Tzannis Tzannetakis, former Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)
• 1928 – Robert Indiana, American painter (d. 2018)
• 1929 – Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
• 1931 – Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, 33rd Governor of South Australia
• 1931 – Barbara Bain, American actress
• 1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian activist (d. 2019)
• 1938 – John Smith, British politician (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993)
• 1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor (d. 2014)
• 1939 – Larry Speakes, American journalist (d. 2014)
• 1939 – Guntis Ulmanis, former President of Latvia
• 1939 – Bill Janklow, former Governor of South Dakota (d. 2012)
• 1939 – Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
• 1940 – Oscar Arias, former President of Costa Rica
• 1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
• 1941 – Ed Roberts, American inventor (d. 2010)
• 1941 – David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer
• 1941 – Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
• 1942 – Hissène Habré, 7th President of Chad
• 1944 – Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
• 1944 – Peter Cetera, American musician
• 1945 – Gertrude Mongella, Tanzanian politician
• 1946 – Frank Marshall, American movie producer, director and actor
• 1948 – Sitiveni Rabuka, 3rd Prime Minister of Fiji
• 1949 – Dennis Pendrith, Canadian bass player
• 1949 – John W. Henry, American businessman
• 1950 – Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, 8th Prime Minister of Poland

1951 – 1975

• 1952 – Randy Jones, American musician (The Village People)
• 1954 – Shigeharu Ueki, Japanese footballer
• 1955 – Joe Morris, American musician
• 1955 – Colin Moynihan, British politician, Chairman of the British Olympic Association
• 1956 – Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
• 1956 – Alain Ducasse, French chef
• 1957 – Vinny Appice, American drummer
• 1957 – Cesare Bocci, Italian actor and television presenter
• 1958 – Bobby Davro, British comedian
• 1958 – Peter Wirnsberger, Austrian skier
• 1960 – Greg Baldwin, American actor
• 1960 – Hubert Schwarz, German skier and ski jumper
• 1961 – Dave Mustaine, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer and actor
• 1962 – Tone Onnepalu, Estonian writer
• 1964 – Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and writer
• 1964 – Mladen Mladenovic, Croatian footballer
• 1965 – Zak Starkey, British musician
• 1965 – Diego Aguirre, Uruguayan footballer
• 1966 – Maria Furtwaengler, German physician
• 1967 – Michael Johnson, American Olympic Games gold medalist in track and field
• 1967 – Jim "Ripper" Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1969 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
• 1969 – Daniel Fonseca, Uruguayan footballer
• 1969 – Tyler Perry, American actor, director, screenwriter and producer
• 1970 – Louise Lombard, British actress
• 1970 – Martin Herrera, Argentine footballer
• 1971 – Goran Ivanisevic, Croatian tennis player
• 1971 – Stella McCartney, British fashion designer
• 1973 – Christine Arron, French runner
• 1973 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
• 1974 – Travis Knight, American basketball player
• 1975 – Ian Carey, American DJ and music producer

From 1976

• 1977 – Fiona Apple, American singer-songwriter and pianist
• 1978 – Peter Sunde, Swedish entrepreneur
• 1979 – Manuel Friedrich, German footballer
• 1980 – Andreas Biermann, German footballer (d. 2014)
• 1980 – Gilberto Ribeiro Gonçalves, Brazilian footballer
• 1980 – Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
• 1982 – Miha Jupan, Slovenian basketball player
• 1982 – Alison Thewliss, Scottish politician
• 1983 – James Bourne, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
• 1985 – Emi Suzuki, Japanese model and actress
• 1985 – David Jordan, English singer-songwriter
• 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
• 1987 – Tzvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player
• 1987 – Fraizer Campbell, English footballer
• 1987 – Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby player
• 1988 – Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
• 1989 – Thomas Müller, German footballer
• 1991 – Ksenia Afanasyeva, Russian artistic gymnast
• 1993 – Niall Horan, Irish singer (One Direction)
• 1993 – Alice Merton, German singer
• 1994 – Leonor Andrade, Portuguese singer and actress
• 1995 – Robbie Kay, English actor
• 1996 – Lili Reinhart, American actress

Deaths

Up to 1900

• 81 – Titus, Roman Emperor (b. 39)
• 1321 – Dante Alighieri, Italian poet (b. 1265)
• 1409 – Isabella of Valois, Queen of England (b. 1389)
• 1438 – Duarte, King of Portugal (b. 1391)
• 1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
• 1557 – John Cheke, English classical scholar (b. 1514)
• 1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
• 1598 – Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
• 1624 – Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr and Queen of Kakheti, Georgia (b. 1565)
• 1632 – Archduke Leopold V of Austria (b. 1586)
• 1759 – James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
• 1806 – Charles James Fox, British politician (b. 1749)
• 1808 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1748)
• 1813 – Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1872 – Ludwig Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
• 1881 – Ambrose Burnside, US General (b. 1824)

1901 – 2000

• 1905 – René Goblet, 52nd Prime Minister of France (b. 1828)
• 1910 – Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and musician (b. 1865)
• 1912 – Joseph Furphy, Australian writer (b. 1843)
• 1915 – Andrew L. Harris, 44th Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
• 1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian writer (b. 1861)
• 1929 – Jatindra Nath Das, Indian activist (b. 1904)
• 1931 – Lili Elbe, Danish model and painter (b. 1882)
• 1937 – David Robertson, Scottish golfer and rugby player (b. 1869)
• 1941 – Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney (b. 1859)
• 1944 – W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist (b. 1872)
• 1944 – Noor Inayat Khan, Indian–British agent (b. 1914)
• 1946 – William Watt, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Victoria (b. 1871)
• 1946 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter, sculptor and illustrator (b. 1875)
• 1946 – Amon Goeth, Austrian war criminal (b. 1908)
• 1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoologist, won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1874)
• 1960 – Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885)
• 1967 – Robert George, 24th Governor of South Australia (b. 1896)
• 1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese political leader (b. 1907)
• 1973 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1976 – Armand Mondou, French–Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
• 1977 – Leopold Stokowski, British conductor (b. 1882)
• 1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American movie director (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish footballer (b. 1936)
• 1991 – Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913)
• 1991 – Joe Pasternak, American director (b. 1901)
• 1996 – Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
• 1998 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
• 1999 – Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)

From 2001

• 2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2002 – George Stanley, Canadian soldier, historian and author (b. 1907)
• 2003 – Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
• 2004 – Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Julio César Turbay Ayala, 33rd President of Colombia (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Ann Richards, American politician, Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
• 2008 – Peter Camejo, American politician (b. 1939)
• 2011 – Richard Hamilton, British painter and collage artist (b. 1922)
• 2011 – Walter Bonatti, Italian mountaineer (b. 1930)
• 2012 – Peter Lougheed, Canadian politician, lawyer, and footballer, 10th Premier of Alberta (b. 1928)
• 2012 – Otto Stich, Swiss politician (b. 1927)
• 2013 – Salustiano Sanchez, Spanish–American supercentenarian (b. 1901)
• 2014 – David Cawthorne Haines, Scottish aid worker (b. 1970)
• 2014 – Benjamin Adekunle, Nigerian general (b. 1936)
• 2014 – Frank Torre, American baseball player and manager (b. 1931)
• 2015 – Moses Malone, American basketball player (b. 1955)
• 2017 – Pete Domenici, American politician (b. 1932)
• 2017 – Per Fugelli, Norwegian physician (b. 1943)
• 2017 – Slavko Goldstein, Croatian Jewish writer, Holocaust survivor, publisher and politician (b. 1928)
• 2017 – Grant Hart, American singer–songwriter and musician (b. 1961)
• 2017 – Frank Vincent, American actor (b. 1937)
• 2017 – Basil Gogos, Egyptian–born American magazine cover painter (b. 1929)
• 2017 – Kazimierz Ryczan, Polish Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1939)
• 2018 – Guido Ceronetti, Italian journalist and poet (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Marin Mazzie, American actress (b. 1960)
• 2018 – Albrecht Wellmer, German philosopher (b. 1933)
• 2018 – John Wilcock, British journalist (b. 1927)
• 2018 – Martha Vaughan, American biochemist and physiologist (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Asadollah Asgaroladi, Iranian businessman (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Alex Grammas, American baseball player (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Bruno Grandi, Italian sports executive (b. 1934)
• 2019 – Rudi Gutendorf, German footballer and coach (b. 1926)
• 2019 – Ghulam Shah Jeelani, Pakistani politician (b. 1957)
• 2019 – György Konrád, Hungarian novelist (b. 1933)
• 2019 – Eddie Money, American singer–songwriter (b. 1949)